高交联大孔吸附树脂氯甲基化研究

以无水ZnCl2为催化剂,以自制1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB)为氯甲基化试剂,对高交联度的非极性大孔吸附树脂D101进行氯甲基化反应研究。得到该氯甲基化的最佳工艺条件:m(D101)∶m(BCMB)∶m(CCl4)=1∶4∶18.6,溶胀时间12h,反应温度50℃,反应时间14h,以无水ZnCl2为催化剂,在该工艺条件下制得氯质量分数为4%的树脂,为以后树脂的改性、功能化和进一步研究大孔吸附树脂吸附分离规律提供了实验基础。     

Heat transfer from an impinging premixed butane/air slot flame jet

Experiments were performed to study the heat transfer characteristics of a premixed butane/air slot flame jet impinging normally on a horizontal rectangular plate. The effects of Reynolds number and the nozzle-to-plate distance on heat transfer were examined. The Reynolds number varied from 800 to 1700, while the nozzle-to-plate distance ranged from 2d_e to 12d_e. Comparisons were made between the heat transfer characteristics of slot jets and circular jets under the same experimental conditions. It was found that the slot flame jet produces more uniform heat flux profile and larger averaged heat fluxes than the circular flame jet.     

在Pt-SO_4~(2-)-ZrO_2催化剂上正丁烷骨架异构反应

叙述了用脉冲色谱法和流动法考查在不同条件下制备的PtSZ催化剂对正丁烷异构化反应的影响，用XRD，XPS，IR等方法探讨了催化反应机理。结果表明，少量铂的引入可以增强催化剂的稳定性，特别是在临氢情况下，由于金属铂的作用，氢被分解而产生强质子酸位，从而导致积碳减少，提高了选择性，降低了反应温度和担载硫酸的浓度，使催化剂的稳定性增强。     

Cu~+/13X分子筛吸附分离丁烷-丁烯混合体系

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载型Cu+/13X分子筛吸附剂,利用固定床吸附装置对该系列吸附剂分离丁烷-丁烯混合体系的性能进行了评价,考察了吸附剂中Cu Cl2负载量、焙烧还原时间、吸附温度、吸附压力、再生次数等对吸附剂性能的影响,并采用TPD方法分析了碳四组分与活性中心π-络合能力的强弱。实验结果表明,Cu+/13X分子筛吸附剂是一种分离丁烷-丁烯混合体系的优良吸附剂,当Cu Cl2负载量为5.67%(w)、350℃下焙烧1.00 h、吸附温度为35~40℃时,常压下吸附效果最佳。升高吸附压力使吸附剂的穿透吸附时间缩短,且吸附压力过高时会引起吸附柱死体积内的气体体积增加,不利于分离。Cu+/13X分子筛吸附剂的再生性能良好,多次再生后仍保持较高的活性。     

Thermal characteristics of a premixed impinging circular laminar-flame jet with induced swirl

A swirling flow has been induced in a premixed gas-fired impinging circular flame jet by adding two tangential air flows to the main axial air/fuel flow. The flame jet system was considered to be small-scale and operated under low-pressure, laminar flow conditions. The effects of Reynolds number of the air/butane mixture and nozzle-to-plate distance on the heating performance of the flame were studied and compared with the heat-flux distributions on an impingement plate under different operating conditions. The whole investigation was conducted under the stoichiometric air/fuel condition (i.e., equivalence ratio, Φ = 1) with the Reynolds number being varied from 800 to 1700, and nozzle-to-plate distance being selected between 1.5 and 4.0. The introduction of swirl to small-scale, low-pressure, laminar premixed gas-fired impinging circular flame jets is the method for enhancing their thermal performances. The heat-flux distribution on the impingement plate was more uniform and the flame temperatures essentially higher when compared with a similar flame jet system without induced swirl.     

新型药物促渗剂的合成研究

利用正溴丁烷和己内酰胺在相转移催化剂(TBAB)作用下合成新型药物透皮吸收促进剂——1-丁基己内酰胺,考察无水碳酸钾(钠)、反应温度及催化剂对产物收率的影响,优化了合成条件。     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐V-P-O催化剂前驱物研究进展

介绍了５种Ｖ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂前驱物ＶＯＰＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ、ＶＯ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２、ＶＯＨＰＯ３·１．５Ｈ２Ｏ、ＶＯＣｎＨ２ｎ＋１ＰＯ３·ｘＨ２Ｏ、ＶＯ（Ｈ２ＰＯ３）２的研究进展，评述了它们的特性，为Ｖ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂进一步发展提出了展望。     

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本文综述了由ＡｉｒＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ ａｎｄ Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ Ｉｎｃ开发的Ｃａｔｏｆｉｎ脱氢工艺流程、使用的脱氢化剂及工业应用状况。Ｃａｔｏｆｉｎ工艺采用卧式的一组（三个以上）周期性循环操作的固定床反应器。利用热空气和催化剂上沉积炭燃烧产生的催化剂床层显热来供热。反应器的操作条件，对丙烷为：温度６２０－６７５℃，压力（绝）４９ｋＰａ；对异丁烷为：温度５９０－６５０℃，压力（绝３２ｋＰａ。采用载于     

丁烷层流预混火焰多环芳烃生成化学动力学模拟

近年来,随着环保要求的不断提高,碳氢燃料燃烧过程中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)形成、生长和氧化的详细反应动力学研究成为热点。该文通过更新的层流预混火焰中描述丁烷热分解、氧化,苯的形成,多环芳烃生成及氧化等过程的详细机制反应模型,对层流预混C4H10/O2/Ar稳态火焰中芳香烃和多环芳烃的形成和生长进行动力学模拟计算,获得火焰中反应区和燃尽区反应物、主要燃烧产物、中间组分及PAHs的浓度分布,同时采用敏感系数分析法确定了丁烷火焰中影响PAHs生成的主要基元反应。研究结果表明:采用的更新机制模型能够很好地预测丁烷火焰中大多数低分子量的脂肪烃、燃烧副产物、中间组分及PAHs的浓度分布;丙炔基(H2CCCH)的化合反应是苯环生成的主要反应序列;萘(C10H8)生成的主要步骤是环戊二烯基(c-C5H5)的化合反应,活化分子茚基与c-C5H5反应可以形成大量的菲(C14H10);同时模型更近一步论证了PAHs生成的"脱氢加乙炔"机制。     

Solvent-based fatty alcohol synthesis using supercritical butane: Flowsheet analysis and process design

The liquid-phase hydrogenolysis of fatty esters to fatty alcohols is an important step in the industrial manufacture of surfactants and detergents. High operating pressures are necessary, due to the low solubility of hydrogen in fatty esters feeds. In principle, these high operating pressures might be overcome by use of a suitable solvent, but only at the expense of large solvent recycle and cumbersome product-solvent separation. The employ of supercritical solvents may resolve these drawbacks, as an elegant solvent-product separation is possible by reverting to the subcritical regime. In the present work the hydrogenolysis of methyl palmitate in supercritical butane is investigated by simulation. Operating conditions are analyzed on the basis of vapor liquid equilibrium data and chemical equilibrium considerations. Separation and recycle problems are evaluated and discussed on the basis of a flowsheet analysis. It is demonstrated that an efficient hydrogenolysis process may be developed by using supercritical butane as solvent. A moderate operating pressure (9 MPa) and temperature (470 K) lead to high conversion levels and high product purity. A hydrogen to ester molar ratio of 4∶1 in the feed is achievable, which compares favorably to existing liquid-and gas-phase processes, and allows recycle streams to be reduced.