Predicting the Distribution Constants of Butane Extraction of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solubility

The n‐butane/water distribution constant is one of the key parameters in determining the extraction efficiency. Experimental results on 34 organic compounds illustrated that a fundamental linear relationship exists between the distribution constant and the aqueous solubility of the solute. The relationship can be broadly applied to many different classes of chemical compounds as well as to many different solvent extraction systems. The linear equation obtained by a regression method allows one to estimate the distribution constant and predict the result of butane extraction if the aqueous solubility of certain solute is available.     

合成丁烷四羧酸过程中间产物的初步分析

以钨作催化剂,由双氧水氧化四氢苯酐合成丁烷四羧酸,采用气相色谱法、液相色谱法、红外光谱法、溴价法、高碘酸氧化法等检测手段,结合反应液中双氧水含量和酸值的测定结果,对丁烷四羧酸合成过程中间产物进行了初步分析。证实四氢邻苯二甲酸氧化成丁烷四羧酸不是一步完成,而是经过中间过程;中间产物经过进一步氧化,能高收率地得到丁烷四羧酸产品。     

亚临界丁烷制备豆粕及其蛋白氧化稳定性研究

采用亚临界丁烷对大豆粉脱油制得豆粕(DSF-B),并与正己烷制备豆粕(DSF-H)比较,对分离蛋白得率及热变性、豆粕残余极性脂和在贮藏过程中蛋白的氧化进行分析。DSF-B的蛋白得率(32.1%)比DSF-H高(约6%),蛋白热变性二者一致,且11S变性温度低于工业白豆片。残余极性脂分析,DSF-B比DSF-H总量低、磷脂含量高,脂肪酸组成有差异。模拟贮藏试验表明,DSF-B在贮藏中蛋白更易被氧化,这可能与极性脂的组成有关。亚临界萃取技术无高温处理、可选溶剂多样,可开发应用于大豆等植物蛋白制品。     

Solid superacid catalysis: kinetics of butane isomerization catalyzed by a sulfated oxide containing iron,manganese, and zirconium

Kinetics of the isomerization ofn-butane and of isobutane catalyzed by sulfated zirconium oxide containing 1.5 wt% Fe, 0.5 wt% Mn, and 4.0 wt% sulfate at 60°C are well represented by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation accounting for the reaction equilibrium and for adsorption of both butanes. The adsorption equilibrium constants estimated from the kinetics data are nearly the same for the two butanes. The form of the rate equation and the observation that disproportionation accompanies isomerization suggest that the reaction proceeds via a C_g intermediate.     

Reaction performance of isobutane alkylation catalyzed by a composite ionic liquid at a short contact time

Alkylate is an important clean blending component of gasoline due to the increased statutory reduction of the content of aromatics and olefins in commercial gasoline. The alkylation of isobutane with 2‐butene catalyzed by a composite ionic liquid was investigated. The composite ionic liquid showed efficient catalytic performance at a short contact time (10–60 s). The optimal conditions were: reaction temperature 15°C, contact time 20 s, ionic liquid to hydrocarbon volume ratio 1:1, and isobutane to olefin mole ratio 54:1. Under these optimal reaction conditions, the butene conversion was 100%, the yields of C8 and trimethylpentanes were 88.9 and 82.0%, respectively, the ratio of trimethylpentane to dimethylhexane was 11.9, and the alkylate research octane number (RON) was 97.3. A correlation model is developed to predict the product yields and the alkylate RON. The correlation model shows a low calculation error. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2244–2253, 2014     

Aromatization of n-Butane Over Supported Mo2C Catalysts

Similarly to the case of methane, ethane and propane, Mo₂C deposited on ZSM-5 significantly enhanced the aromatization of n-butane observed on ZSM-5 (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of 80) alone. The catalytic performance of Mo₂C/ZSM-5 sensitively depended on its preparation and pretreatment. The selectivity of aromatics measured for pure ZSM-5 increased from 11-13% to 28-34% at the conversion level of 60-65%. The formation of aromatics was also observed over Mo₂C/SiO₂.     

Isomerization of n-Butane over Ultrastable H-Y Zeolites with Different Si/Al Atomic Ratio

Ultrastable H-Y zeolites with different Si/Al atomic ratios (3n-butane isomerization. The initial activity of these catalysts is lower than that measured on tungsta supported on zirconia catalysts (WO _x /ZrO₂) and acidic mordenite catalysts; however, the Brønsted acid sites of the ultrastable H-Y zeolites are stable and selective towards isobutane. No deactivation of the catalysts was observed after 5 h of time on stream. In contrast, WO _x /ZrO₂ and acidic mordenite catalysts under the same experimental conditions are largely deactivated in less than 1 h of time on stream. The stability of the ultrastable H-Y zeolite in comparison to H-mordenite catalysts may be due to the three-dimensional structure of H-Y made of large supercages interconnected by apertures of 12 oxygen atoms. This structure may favour the diffusion of reactant and product decreasing the residence time and the ensuing degradation to coke. Acidic molecular sieves with monodimensional structure may favour the formation of the precursors of the coke responsible of the catalyst deactivation.     

Catalytic Behavior of Alumina-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia Supported on Mesoporous Silica in Butane Isomerization

Alumina-promoted sulfated zirconia was supported on mesoporous molecular sieves of pure-silica MCM-41 and SBA-15. The catalysts were prepared by direct impregnation of metal sulfate onto the as-synthesized MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials, followed by solid state dispersion and thermal decomposition. Measurements of XRD and nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the structures of resultant materials retain well-ordered pores, even with ZrO₂ loading as high as 50 wt%. The characterization results indicated that most of the promoted sulfated zirconia were well dispersed on the internal surface of the ordered mesopores. The catalytic behavior of the alumina-promoted sulfated zirconia supported on mesoporous silica was studied in n-butane isomerization. The supports of mesoporous structures led to high dispersion of sulfated zirconia in the meta-stable tetragonal phase, which was the catalytic active phase. The high performance of alumina-promoted catalysts was ascribed to the sulfur retention by alumina.     

催化活化法制备高丁烷工作容量颗粒活性炭

在已报道的高丁烷工作容量(BWC)颗粒活性炭(GAC)的制备研究中,其制备周期比较长。在传统的磷酸法颗粒活性炭的制备过程中,采用了塑化阶段加入浓硫酸来促进杉木屑组织中生物高聚物的酸催化解聚并低分子化。研究结果表明浓硫酸添加量为6%时,GAC的BWC由未添加浓硫酸时的11.9 g/100mL增加到14.4g/100mL,提高了近21%;中孔孔容由0.508cm3/g增加到0.939cm3/g,提高了85%;BET比表面积由1902m2/g增加到2325m2/g,提高了22%;总孔容由1.029cm3/g增加到1.685cm3/g,提高了近64%;微孔容积由0.521cm3/g增加到0.746cm3/g,提高了43%。而且,其制备周期也从先前的20~70h缩短至5h以内。     

补偿式气敏元件的研究

提出了由n型气敏材料和p型气敏材料构成的补偿式气敏元件的原理及实现补偿的条件.据此原理制作了由γ-Fe_2O_3和LaFeO_3构成的补偿式元件.该元件有效地克服了乙醇的干扰,提高了对丁烷的选择性.