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111.
Nucleation and crystallization of polypropylene by mineral fillers: relationship to impact strength 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
P.M. McGenity J.J. Hooper C.D. Paynter A.M. Riley C. Nutbeem N.J. Elton J.M. Adams 《Polymer》1992,33(24):5215-5224
The mechanical properties of mineral-filled polypropylene (PP) are determined not only by the size, shape and modulus of the filler particles, but also by microstructure. For example, poor impact strength is correlated with a high capacity for nucleation of crystallization. In the present study, optical microscopy has been used to measure the growth rate of spherulites in PP. In tandem with this, isothermal d.s.c. measurements have been made of the crystallization of the PP filled with talc, calcium carbonate and stearate-coated carbonate at different loading levels. Computer simulation of spherulite growth has been used to derive the number of nucleating sites per unit volume of polymer and, using surface area measurements, the number of sites per unit area of mineral surface was obtained. Values for talc were, as expected, considerably higher than those for carbonate (and especially coated carbonate) fillers. The presence of filler affects not only the nucleation and kinetics of the crystallization process but also the crystallinity and orientation indices and the proportion of β-phase crystallites present. The connection between these factors and impact strength is discussed. It is concluded that impact properties are determined by inter alia crack pinning and blocking by filler particles, stress concentrations at the edges of the filler particles, and the nucleating ability of the filler. 相似文献
112.
Slow growth and high seedling mortality limit direct seeding establishment of guayule (Parthenium argentatum G.). This study was conducted to assess seedling growth enhancement by the addition of different rates and forms of N fertilizers and Ca salts. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with cultivar 593 under both surface and subirrigated conditions using water low in salts (salinity of 0.8 dSm–1, SAR of 5.0 and 10 mg Ca L–1). Under surface-irrigated conditions, seedling height and fresh plant weight increased with N application to the irrigation water to 70 mg L–1. The best seedling growth was observed when (NH4)2SO4 was added in combination with CaCl2 or CaSO4. Progressively less growth was observed by addition of (NH4)2SO4 alone, CO(NH2)2 plus CaSO4, CO(NH2)2 alone and Ca(NO3)2. When seedlings were subirrigated, however, the best growth was observed with Ca(NO3)2. Intermediate growth was obtained with (NH4)2SO4 plus CaSO4 and lowest growth rates with (NH4)2SO4 alone. These differential responses may be explained by the differences in leaching and volatile characteristics of the N forms. Growth enhancement from N and Ca additions increased with time with significant increases 45 days after seeding. Nitrogen application with Ca may be effective amendment in promoting subsequent growth of direct seeded guayule. 相似文献
113.
介绍了由氧化铅与冰醋酸在一定温度下反应生成碱式醋酸铅,碱式醋酸铅在一定条件下与二氧化碳反应生成碱式碳酸铅,再经沉淀、抽滤,制得结晶产品。探讨了溶液pH、反应温度、二氧化碳流量、水中的杂质、总铅质量分数等对碱式碳酸铅结晶的影响,得出了制备碱式碳酸铅的最佳工艺条件:pH=6.5时停止通入二氧化碳,反应温度25~30℃,二氧化碳流量控制在0.5~3L/min,把河水或自来水经过离子交换处理,溶液中总铅质量分数控制在2%~5%。 相似文献
114.
纳米碳酸钙在涂料中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探究纳米碳酸钙先在溶剂中分散再与树脂进行调配的方法。利用正交设计法对其中高速搅拌法进行优惠条件实验,发现搅拌时间并非越长越好,优惠条件下涂料中纳米碳酸钙分散到原始粒径,涂料质量有较大提高。 相似文献
115.
116.
使用间歇式超临界水反应器,以氧化钙作为催化剂和CO_2化学固定剂,详细考察了Ca/C摩尔比、反应温度、停留时间、压力等条件对泥炭在超临界水中转化制氢的影响。在873 K,Ca/C比为0.61时,CO_2几乎被完全固定,在气相产物中只有氢气、甲烷和低碳烃,碳转化率由未添加CaO时的66.6%提高到82.4%,氢气的产率由2.2 mmol·g~(-1)提高到6.9 mmol·g~(-1)。当反应温度由773 K提高到923 K时,泥炭的裂解反应加剧,气体产物的收率由5.5 mmol·g~(-1)提高到19.5 mmol·g~(-1),但是氢气所占比例由55.4%下降到34.8%。与温度相比,压力和在终温停留时间的影响相对较小。 相似文献
117.
118.
The influence of Ca(OH)2 on K and Mg exchange equilibria in three New Zealand soils was studied. Calcium hydroxide was mixed with each soil to raise the pH to about 6 or 7. For each Ca(OH)2 treatment, K and Mg exchange isotherms were determined, from which the equilibrium activity ratios were derived. Exchange coefficients and solution activity ratios were calculated according to the Gapon convention.The addition of Ca(OH)2 produced varying effects in the Gapon exchange coefficient for both K and Mg. The magnitude and direction of change in the exchange coefficient were related to the cation initially dominating the exchange sites, rate of Ca(OH)2 addition, soil colloids contributing to the CEC and specific interactions of Ca with these soil colloids.Addition of Ca(OH)2 reduced the equilibrium activity ratio of all soils. Changes in the bonding strength of K and Mg with increasing CEC were suggested as a possible mechanism for this decrease. 相似文献
119.
Ca-P仿生人工骨材料的设计与制备 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文设计了用磷酸钙生物陶瓷制备仿生人工骨的工艺路线 ,从原料合成、材料成型和烧结等讨论了仿骨材料的制备方法 相似文献
120.
Hydrated calcium zincate was synthesized by mechanical ball milling of ZnO and Ca(OH)2 in water at room temperature. The structural and electrochemical properties of this material used as rechargeable anodic material were examined by microelectrode voltammetry, charge–discharge measurements and structural analysis. The results showed that during mechanical milling, ZnO, Ca(OH)2 and H2O reacted rapidly to form Ca[Zn(OH)3]2 · 2H2O which was subsequently transformed to a stable structure CaZn2(OH)6 · 2H2O. Since this composite oxide has lower solubility in KOH solution (<35 wt %) and better electrochemical reversibility than ZnO-based negative materials, the zinc anodes using this material can overcome the problems of shape changes and dendritc formation, and therefore exhibit improved cycling life. 相似文献