Acute T-Cell-Driven Inflammation Requires the Endoglycosidase Heparanase-1 from Multiple Cell Types

It has been accepted for decades that T lymphocytes and metastasising tumour cells traverse basement membranes (BM) by deploying a battery of degradative enzymes, particularly proteases. However, since many redundant proteases can solubilise BM it has been difficult to prove that proteases aid cell migration, particularly in vivo. Recent studies also suggest that other mechanisms allow BM passage of cells. To resolve this issue we exploited heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), the only endoglycosidase in mammals that digests heparan sulfate (HS), a major constituent of BM. Initially we examined the effect of HPSE-1 deficiency on a well-characterised adoptive transfer model of T-cell-mediated inflammation. We found that total elimination of HPSE-1 from this system resulted in a drastic reduction in tissue injury and loss of target HS. Subsequent studies showed that the source of HPSE-1 in the transferred T cells was predominantly activated CD4⁺ T cells. Based on bone marrow chimeras, two cellular sources of HPSE-1 were identified in T cell recipients, one being haematopoiesis dependent and the other radiation resistant. Collectively our findings unequivocally demonstrate that an acute T-cell-initiated inflammatory response is HPSE-1 dependent and is reliant on HPSE-1 from at least three different cell types.     

DOT1L Methyltransferase Regulates Calcium Influx in Erythroid Progenitor Cells in Response to Erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling plays a vital role in erythropoiesis by regulating proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). An important downstream response of EPO signaling is calcium (Ca²⁺) influx, which is regulated by transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) proteins, particularly TRPC2 and TRPC6. While EPO induces Ca²⁺ influx through TRPC2, TRPC6 inhibits the function of TRPC2. Thus, interactions between TRPC2 and TRPC6 regulate the rate of Ca²⁺ influx in EPO-induced erythropoiesis. In this study, we observed that the expression of TRPC6 in KIT-positive erythroid progenitor cells was regulated by DOT1L. DOT1L is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes during embryonic development including early erythropoiesis. We previously reported that Dot1l knockout (Dot1l^KO) HPCs in the yolk sac failed to develop properly, which resulted in lethal anemia. In this study, we detected a marked downregulation of Trpc6 gene expression in Dot1l^KO progenitor cells in the yolk sac compared to the wild type (WT). The promoter and the proximal regions of the Trpc6 gene locus exhibited an enrichment of H3K79 methylation, which is mediated solely by DOT1L. However, the expression of Trpc2, the positive regulator of Ca²⁺ influx, remained unchanged, resulting in an increased TRPC2/TRPC6 ratio. As the loss of DOT1L decreased TRPC6, which inhibited Ca²⁺ influx by TRPC2, Dot1l^KO HPCs in the yolk sac exhibited accelerated and sustained elevated levels of Ca²⁺ influx. Such heightened Ca²⁺ levels might have detrimental effects on the growth and proliferation of HPCs in response to EPO.     

助剂对CaSO_4载氧体化学链燃烧的影响

在固定床实验台架上,研究了CaSO4和添加助剂的CaSO4与气体燃料发生反应的特性。结果表明:助剂可大幅度地提高CaSO4的反应活性,缩短反应时间。在950℃下,所有复合载氧体的转化率均超过95%。在还原和氧化过程中,载氧体释放的SO2曲线呈单峰特性,且随温度显著增大;温度对COS的释放没有明显的影响作用。含Ni-Fe的载氧体等转化率下硫的损失率最小。通过程序升温还原、X射线衍射和场发射扫描电镜等表征分析,研究了样品的反应性能,成分与结构变化,并提出了一个可能的催化还原反应和硫释放机制。     

高碱值磺酸钙合成工艺研究

采用多步法合成高碱值磺酸钙,研究了不同来源的磺酸原料、国产磺酸与进口磺酸不同配比、加水量和CO2通入速率、甲醇加入量等因素对合成高碱值磺酸钙性能的影响。结果表明：合成高碱值磺酸钙最佳条件为进口磺酸与国产磺酸D质量比1:9,加水量2.5 g,CO2通入速率400 mL/min,甲醇加入量26 mL;以国产磺酸D为原料合成的高碱值磺酸钙产品易过滤、总碱值较高、浊度和运动黏度较低。     

草酸钙在硫酸软骨素自组装膜上周期沉淀的研究

利用硫酸软骨素(chondroitin sulfate，CS)在云母基底上通过浇铸法制备的自组装膜为基底，诱导草酸钙在其上的凝集生长。发现当硫酸软骨素的浓度为1．Omg／ml时在该膜体系中可形成规整的周期性草酸钙环状沉淀。这种有序的环状结构可能是耗散结构的一种具体表现形式。利用原子力显微镜(atomic forcemicroscope，AFM)和傅立叶红外光谱仪对这种结构进行了表征，实验结果显示合适浓度下形成的CS膜在一定程度上可以抑制草酸钙的凝集结晶，表明高分子基质与无机离子间强烈的相互作用对无机盐的成核结晶有显著影响，为探讨结石的形成与抑制提供了一定的实验依据。     

One‐Step Formulation of Protein Microparticles with Tailored Properties: Hard Templating at Soft Conditions

Formulation of therapeutic proteins into particulate forms is a main strategy for site‐specific and prolonged protein delivery as well as for protection against degradation. Precise control over protein particle size, dispersity, purity, as well as mild preparation conditions and minimal processing steps are highly desirable. It is, however, hard to fit all these criteria with conventional preparation techniques. Here a one‐step hard‐templating synthesis of microparticles composed of functional, non‐denatured protein is reported. The method is based on filling porous CaCO₃ microtemplates with the protein near to its isoelectric point (pI) followed by pH‐ or EDTA‐mediated dissolution of the tempplates. In principle, a wide variety of proteins can be converted into microparticles using this approach. The main requirement is an overlap of the protein insolubility and a template solubility for a certain parameter (here pH or EDTA). Here the formulation of insulin particles is studied in detail and it is shown that particles consisting of high molecular weight protein (catalase) can also be prepared. In this context, the synthesis of CaCO₃ templates with controlled size, the mechanism of the protein microparticle formation and mechanical properties of the microparticles are discussed. For the first time, the fabrication of mesoporous monodispersed CaCO₃ microtemplates with identical porocity but tuned diameter from 3 to 20 μm is demonstrated. The protein particle diameter can be adjusted by choosing the appropriate template size that is critical for successful pulmonary delivery of insulin. As a first step towards insulin delivery, the in vitro release of insulin at physiological conditions is studied.     

Nb5+掺杂对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

该文利用固相反应法制备了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12 (x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.10,0.15,0.20, 摩尔分数)陶瓷。借助X线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜研究了Nb5+的摩尔分数对(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4O12陶瓷的相结构及表面微观形貌的影响,借助高低温介电测试系统和阻抗测试仪获得了(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷电性能变化规律。结果表明,各组分(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷均为单相立方钙钛矿结构;Nb5+摩尔分数的增加可抑制(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷晶粒的生长并消除其晶粒异常长大;适量掺杂 Nb+能够有效提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷的晶界电阻,从而降低其介电损耗,且可提高(Ca0.97Ba0.03)Cu3Ti4-xNbxO12陶瓷相对介电常数的温度稳定性。     

Polymorph Switching of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Polymer‐Controlled Crystallization

Polymer‐controlled crystallization of calcium carbonate crystals in solution by a gas diffusion method has been carried out in the presence of poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PSS‐co‐PNIPAAM), and for the first time all three anhydrous polymorphs, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite could be selectively produced with a single additive. The selective polymorph synthesis can be nicely adjusted simply by concentration variations of polymer and calcium ions in the present reaction system. The simplicity of the system reveals the influence of Ca²⁺ and polymer concentration on the nucleation and crystal growth of CaCO₃ via the balance between thermodynamic and kinetic reaction control. A single mechanistic framework employing particle mediated as well as ion mediated crystallization for polymorph control is proposed.     

催化裂化催化剂上金属元素对CO氧化的影响

采用污染Fe、Ca和浸渍稀土元素La、Ce等方法改变老化剂的化学组成,在500~600℃反应温度下,考察催化裂化催化剂对CO氧化的影响。结果表明:Fe和CeO_2能够促进CO的氧化,且催化剂中Fe和CeO_2含量越高,对CO氧化过程促进越明显;Ni,V,La_2O_3对CO氧化的影响较小,但CO的转化率随着催化剂上这些组分含量的增加而提高;Ca对CO的氧化略有抑制作用。     

井壁强化与堵漏双作用可钻水泥实验研究

针对常规复合堵漏材料之间无胶结、易被钻井液冲刷、使用油井水泥堵漏会造成新井眼的问题,研究开发了井壁强化与堵漏双作用可钻水泥。将超细碳酸钙粉体加入新型胶凝材料硫铝酸盐水泥中,调节胶凝材料的可钻性,研究表明,当超细碳酸钙粉体的加入量不大于7%时,水泥凝胶材料的强度随粉体加入量的增加而增加,而当粉体的加入量大于7%时,水泥凝胶材料的强度随粉体加入量的增加而减小,即可钻性变好;在硫铝酸盐中加入0.4%减水剂、0.3%提黏剂、0.6%缓凝剂时,其稠化时间达到155 min,为安全施工提供了条件;在可钻水泥中加入12%鳞片状云母、1%纤维、1.5%石灰岩颗粒作为堵漏剂,较好地增强了体系堵漏性能,能够较好地封堵3 mm和5 mm缝板裂缝。可钻水泥的研发为实现钻井过程中井壁强化与堵漏双作用提供了技术保障。