Orthogonal design study on factors affecting the diameter of perfluorinated sulfonic acid nanofibers during electrospinning

In this study, Nafion® NR 40 beads with polyethylene oxide (PEO) are fabricated into a nanofiber membrane using electrospinning. In particular, Nafion® beads in non‐toxic mixed solvent (EtOH and H₂O) were blended with the carrier polymer PEO, which is the minor component in the solution responsible for the solution spinnability. The highest content of Nafion® in the nanofiber is 98.04%. To investigate the factors influencing the nanofiber diameter during electrospinning, an orthogonal design method was adopted. These factors include the carrier polymer content, distance between the syringe needle and roller collector, flow rate of the electrospinning solution, and the roller rotation speed. After obtaining the significant factors and optimal test level, an additional optimization experiment is conducted under the best conditions. The resulting nanofibers have a diameter of ～150 nm. Moreover, the obtained Nafion® nanofiber membrane has strong potential for applications in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the chlor‐alkali industry, catalysts, and metal ion removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41755.     

改进3点权位法的光伏电池MPPT控制器的应用研究

针对目前光伏电池最大功率点跟踪算法跟踪效率不高、稳态波动大和易误判等缺点,提出基于改进3点权位法的光伏电池最大功率跟踪算法。根据光伏电池物理模型及其在工程应用领域中的数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了光伏电池最大功率跟踪器仿真模型,将传统MPPT算法和3点权位算法进行仿真比较,结果表明改进3点权位法可以快速、稳定、有效地跟踪最大功率。     

量子点敏化太阳电池对电极材料研究进展

作为第三代太阳电池,量子点敏化太阳电池因兼具低成本和高理论转化效率而备受关注.对电极是量子点敏化太阳电池的重要组成部分,是影响电池的光电转换性能及稳定性的重要因素之一.介绍了量子点敏化太阳电池对电极的功能和制备方法,重点介绍了对电极材料的分类及研究进展,并就对电极材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

Recent Progress of Innovative Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells

Recently, innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells have attracted great interest in solar cell research fields, such as dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, thin-film solar cells, and silicon solar cells, because their device efficiencies are gradually approaching those of crystalline Si solar cells, and they can be fabricated by cheap low-temperature solution processes. Here, we review the recent progress of innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells. The introduction includes the general concerns about solar cells and why we need innovative solar cells. The second part explains the structure and the material properties of hybrid perovskite materials. We focus on why the hybrid perovskite materials can exhibit excellent solar cell properties, such as high open-circuit voltage. The third part introduces recent progress in innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells, in terms of device architecture and deposition methods for dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage. The device architecture is important in attaining high power conversion efficiency; the device operating mechanism is dependent on the device structure; and the pinhole-free dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage are crucial for achieving high efficiency. Finally, we summarize the recent progress in perovskite hybrid solar cells, and the issues to be solved, in the summary and outlook section.     

Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate-mediated Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T₂/T⁻) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini-review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T-mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt-free CEs for the development of high-performance and low-cost DSSCs.     

A facile synthesis of a novel three‐phase nanocomposite: Single‐wall carbon nanotube/silver nanohybrid fibers embedded in sulfonated polyaniline

A three‐phase water‐soluble nanocomposite of single wall carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle hybrid fibers embedded in sulfonated polyaniline has been synthesized by a simple chemical solution mixing process. The nanocomposite has been characterized by high resolution electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Optical and electrical characteristics of the nanocomposite have been determined by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and four‐probe electrical conductivity measurement. A surface plasmon absorption band obtained around 460 nm indicates the presence of silver nanoparticles in the composite. The optical band gap calculation for sulfonated polyaniline vis‐a‐vis the nanocomposite supported the conductivity measurement. Over 1300 times increase in DC electrical conductivity has been observed for the three‐phase nanocomposite, with a filler loading of 20 wt %, at 306 K. This observation could be explained by Mott's variable range hopping model considering a three‐dimensional conduction. Such a nanocomposite has immense potential for use as a cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41692.