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991.
T. Kawakami Y. Koide N. Teraguchi Y. Tomomura A. Suzuki Masanori Murakami 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(8):929-935
In order to prepare low resistance ohmic contacts to p-ZnSn by the “deposition and annealing (DA)” technique which has been
extensively used for GaAs and Si-based devices, formation of a heavily doped layer by the p-ZnSe/metal reaction is required.
For p-ZnSe/Ni contacts, Ni and Se reacted preferentially at the ZnSe/Ni interface upon annealing at temperatures higher than
250°C. However, capacitance-voltage measurements showed that the net acceptor concentration (NA-ND) close to the p-ZnSe/Ni interface was reduced upon the Ni/ZnSe reaction, resulting in high contact resistance. For p-ZnSe/Au
contacts, neither Au/ZnSe reaction nor reduction of the acceptor concentration were observed after annealing at temperatures
lower than 300°C. This indicates that although the metal/p-ZnSe reaction is mandatory to prepare a heavily doped layer, the
reaction induced an increase in the compensation donors in the p-ZnSe substrate. In order to increase the acceptor concentration
in the vicinity of the p-ZnSe/metal interface through diffusion from the contact materials, Li or O which was reported to
play the role of an acceptor in ZnSe was deposited with a contact metal and annealed at elevated temperatures. Ni or Ag was
selected as the contact metal, because these metals were expected to enhance Li or O doping by reacting with ZnSe. However,
the current density-voltage characteristics of the Li(N)/Ni and Ag(O) contacts exhibited rectifying behavior, and the contact
resistances increased with increasing annealing temperature. The present results indicated that, even though the acceptor
concentration in the p-ZnSe substrate increased by diffusion of the dopants from the contact elements, an increment of the
compensation donors was larger than that of the acceptors. The present experiments indicated that preparation of low resistance
ohmic contacts by forming a heavily doped intermediate layer between p-ZnSe and metal is extremely difficult by the DA technique. 相似文献
992.
老油田开发进入高含水开采期,油井产液量、含水率大幅度增加,油井出油温度不断升高,由于降粘剂、防蜡剂的采用,防腐保温技术的进步,集输温度普遍提高。为了降低原油集输过程中的能耗,结合大庆油田南一区原油物性,地理条件和生产现状,开展了掺低温水原油集输工艺试验,取得显著的节能效果。着重介绍该区原油掺水保温流程概况,掺水温度的优选,掺低温水工艺取得的试验成果和效益。 相似文献
993.
介绍了一种带接口的单片CMOS10位电流型乘法D/A转换器的设计及工作方式。着重阐述逻辑电平转换、控制逻辑的结构设计及其工作方式。在不修调电阻网络的情况下,该D/A转换器在5V、15V下,其线性误差、微分误差、满刻度误差均能达到10位精度 相似文献
994.
本文对[5]的4位人工神经网络A/D变换器进行了研究.指出按其方法推广实现多位A/D时存在突触电阻大小以至无法实现且抗干扰能力也不好的问题并给出了解决办法.同时对如何改善神经元转移特性的硬限幅曲线作了简单讨论. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
本文首先根据三角模概念,定义了一类新的更具普遍意义的广义AND/OR图.根据新定义的启发式函数h(n,x)以及广义AND/OR图的最佳解树之所有子树亦是最佳子解树的原理,提出了广义AND/OR图的自底向上的启发式搜索算法BHAO.文中证明了算法BHAO的可采纳性.本文还提出了两类新的启发式函数的单调限制概念,并据此研究了算法BHAO的单调限制性质,研究了两个BHAO算法间的比较性质. 相似文献
998.
本文介绍了以悬浮型速溶PHPAM为基础研制的低温油井堵水剂,讨论了影响堵水剂交联时间和成胶粘度的因素,制定了移动式弹性隔板堵水工艺并成功地应用于二连油田蒙古林砾岩油藏的油井堵水。该堵剂适用于30—60℃油井,交联时间可控、配制简便、快速、施工周期短。 相似文献
999.
1000.
The mechanisms governing the solubilizing interactions between zwitterionic/anionic mixed surfactant systems at different
molar fractions of the zwitterionic surfactant (Xzwitter) and neutral or electrically charged unilamellar liposomes were investigated. The mixed systems were formed by N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine
and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer at pH 7.20. Unilamellar liposomes formed by egg phosphatidylcholine, in some cases together
with stearylamine or phosphatidic acid, were used. Solubilization was detected as a decrease in static light-scattering of
liposomes. Two parameters were regarded as corresponding to the effective surfactant/lipid molar ratios (Re) at which the
surfactant system (i) saturated the liposomes, Resat, and (ii) led to a total solubilization of liposomes, Resol. From these parameters the bilayer/aqueous medium surfactant partition coefficients for the saturation (Ksat) and complete bilayer solubilization (Ksol) were determined. When Xzwitter was 0.40, The Re and K parameters showed a maximum, whereas the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these systems exhibited
a minimum, regardless of the electrical charge of bilayers. Given that the ability of the surfactant systems to saturate or
solubilize liposomes is inversely related to the Resat and Resol parameters, these capacities appear to be directly correlated with the CMC of the mixed systems. The similarity of both Ksat and Ksol (particularly for Xzwitter=0.2–0.8) suggests that a similar partition equilibrium governs both the saturation and the complete solubilization of bilayers,
the free surfactant concentration (Sa,Sb), remaining almost constant with similar values to the CMC for each mixed system studied. 相似文献