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71.
David Lloyd Suzie Morrell Helle N. Carlsen Hans Degn Phillip E. James Christopher C. Rowlands 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1993,9(8):825-833
Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSc was grown with ethanol at concentrations up to 10% (v/v). The immediate effects of additions of externally added ethanol on CO2 production and O2 consumption of washed organisms were studied by stopped-flow membrane inlet quadrupole mass spectrometry. Fermentative activities of organisms grown with ethanol (0–5% v/v) showed similar sensitivities to inhibition by ethanol, whereas those grown with 10% (v/v) ethanol had become protected and were markedly less sensitive. The fluidity of subcellular membrane fractions was measured by determination of the temperature dependence of the rotational order parameter of the spin label 5-doxyl stearic acid (free radical) by electron spin resonance. Mitochondria prepared from yeasts grown with 0, 7 and 9% (v/v) ethanol showed similar overall fluidity, although differences in temperature-dependent behaviour indicate altered lipid composition or lateral phase separations. On the other hand the microsomal fraction from organisms grown with 9% ethanol showed a remarkable increase in fluidity. These data suggest that the protective effects of growth with ethanol near the limit of tolerance on fermentative activities may arise from altered plasma membrane fluidity properties. 相似文献
72.
Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Such strategies can affect the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere through 4 mechanisms: storage of C in the biosphere; storage of C in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil-fuel use; use of wood products which often displaces other products that require more fossil fuel for their production. We use the mathematical model GORCAM (Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model) to examine these mechanisms for 16 land-use scenarios. Over long time intervals the amount of C stored in the biosphere and in forest products reaches a steady state and continuing mitigation of C emissions depends on the extent to which fossil fuel use is displaced by the use of bioenergy and wood products. The relative effectiveness of alternative forest and bioenergy strategies and their impact on net C emissions strongly depend, for example, on the productivity of the site, its current usage, and the efficiency with which the harvest is used. When growth rates are high and harvest is used efficiently, the dominant opportunity for net reduction in C emissions is seen to be fossil-fuel displacement. At the growth rates and efficiencies of harvest utilization adopted in many of our base scenarios, the net C balance at the end of 100 years is very similar whether trees are harvested and used for energy and traditional forest products, or reforestation and forest protection strategies are implemented. The C balance on a plantation system that provides a constant output of biomass products can look different than the balance of a single parcel of land. 相似文献
73.
Athanasios Eftaxias Josep Font Agusti Fortuny Azael Fabregat Frank Stüber 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(6):677-687
The wet air oxidation of phenol over a commercial active carbon catalyst was studied in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in the temperature and oxygen partial pressure ranges of 120–160 °C and 0.1–0.2 MPa, respectively. The performance of the active carbon was compared in terms of phenol and COD destruction. The weight change of active carbon due to reaction was also measured. Finally, oxic phenol adsorption isotherms were assessed in batch conditions at 25, 125 and 160 °C. In order to use the conversion data obtained from the TBR for a kinetic study, special care was taken to check the kinetic control in the TBR experiments. Several kinetic models including power law or Langmuir–Hinshelwood expressions were considered to describe the catalytic oxidation of phenol over active carbon. The simple power law model with first order dependence on both phenol and oxygen concentration predicted satisfactorily the experimental data not only over the entire range of operating conditions studied, but also outside its validity range. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
74.
The structural change of diamond induced by hydrogen plasma exposure at room temperature, and its thermal stability, were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. ESR observation revealed that it gave rise to a highly defective structure (spin concentration of 1020 cm− 3), which is very similar to the structure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C : H) confirmed by XPS and FTIR. Post-annealing was also carried out to clarify the thermal stability of the defects. The number of spin centers decreased with increasing annealing temperature, and eventually, the defective structure changed to a graphitic one by annealing at 800 °C. 相似文献
75.
16Mn连涛坯进行控轧时,按铸坯碳当量的上限和下限,分别采用两种不同的控轧制度。在邯钢中板分厂试轧的结果,轧材合格率均达到96%以上,投产后轧材合格率达到98%以上。 相似文献
76.
The electrochemical properties of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor electrode based on an ultra-long (500 μm), aligned, carbon nanotube array (ACNTA) in Et4NPF6/propylene carbonate electrolyte are examined. The specific capacitance of the ACNTA electrode in an organic electrolyte is 24.5 F g−1, which is larger than that obtained in an aqueous electrolyte. The results of ac impedance measurements show that the ACNTA electrode gives a high power density and an excellent rate capability in an organic electrolyte. It is shown that the ACNTA electrode has a lower equivalent series resistance and a better rate capability than activated carbon electrode. This is due to the fact that ACNTA possesses a larger pore size and a more a regular pore structure. Both these features are conformed by scanning electron microscopic and nitrogen gas adsorption studies. 相似文献
77.
通过对活性炭载体进行不同条件的超声波处理获得了具有不同表面化学性质的载体,使用比表面积(BET)、酸碱滴定等技术手段对载体的物理化学性质进行了表征。将经过超声波处理的活性炭载体制备成Pt/C催化剂,并将催化剂直接用于催化反应,考察了活性炭载体的不同超声波处理条件对Pt/C催化剂性能的影响。实验发现,活性炭载体经过超声波处理后,表面灰分含量、pH值和中孔孔容有较大的变化;使用经过60min超声波处理后中孔孔容较大的活性炭作为载体制备的Pt/C催化剂,在催化加氢反应性能测试中显示了最高的催化活性。在此基础上,就活性炭载体的超声波处理对Pt/C催化剂活性的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
78.
95W-Ni-Fe 合金工艺缺陷的 SAM 和 XPS 分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
齐芸馨 《兵器材料科学与工程》1997,20(5):36-40
藉助扫描俄歇探针、X射线光电子谱等分析了95W-Ni-Fe合金碳污染和氧化的本质。发现,碳污染试样中碳的化学状态主要为石墨,少量为铁或镍的有机化合物,这些物质的界面富集使材料脆化。钨合金氧化后,氧大量富集于钨/粘结相界面,使沿着该界面的断裂更容易发生。 相似文献
79.
80.
用浸渍法制备了一系列氧化锆担载的含稀土Ⅷ族金属催化剂,对其在二氧化碳甲烷化过程中的催化活性作了研究,并用漫反射紫外可见光谱,FTIR等手段对催化剂作了表征。结果表明,含稀土新型催化剂具有催化活性高,目标产物选择性好等优点;稀土主要以氧化物形式存在于催化剂表面,参与对氢及表面含碳物种的吸附及活化;含稀土三组份催化剂的活性与所添加稀土三价离子的4f电子数有关。 相似文献