Removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potential by bioaugmentation activated carbon process

The high-active bacteria were screened from 8 dominant bacteria obtained from the natural water body,and then the bioaugmentation activated carbon was formed by hydraulic immobilization of the high-active bacteria. Plant-scale studies on removal characteristics of disinfection by-products formation potentials (DBPFP) by bioaugmentation activated carbon process were conducted for micro-polluted raw water treatment. The results show that the bioaugmentation activated carbon process has adopted better purification efficiency to THMFP and HAAFP than traditional biological activated carbon process,and that average removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP can reach 35% and 39.7% during the test period,increasing by more than 10% compared with traditional biological activated carbon process. The removal efficiencies of THMFP and HAAFP are stable because of the biodegradation of the high-active bacteria and the adsorption of active carbon. The biodegradability of CHCl3 formation potential is better as compared with that of CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 formation potentials among THMFP,and high removal efficiency of CHCl3formation potential is obtained by bioaugmentation degradation of the high-active bacteria. The biodegradability of HAAFP is better in comparison with that of THMFP,and the chemical properties of HAAFP are propitious to adsorption of activated carbon. Thus,HAAFP is on predominance during the competitive removal process with THMFP.     

膜过滤复合过程污染阻力分析及清洗

对生物反应器——膜过滤复合过程处理模拟腈纶废水进行了研究,探索了膜微滤过程中的污染机理。通过对微滤膜处理模拟腈纶废水过程中各部分阻力进行分析,结果表明在较低操作压力条件下,膜的污染主要是浓差极化和滤饼层污染;在较高操作压力条件下,则主要是来自滤饼层污染;来自膜孔阻力和膜自身的阻力较小是膜污染的次要因素。提出了膜清洗的具体方案,用质量分数1%的双氧水溶液清洗30min或0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液清洗60min,均可以使膜通量恢复到较好的水平。     

基于相位调制器倍频技术产生56GHz毫米波的光载无线通信系统

提出并实验研究了一种基于光相位调制器(PM)倍频技术产生56GHz毫米波的光载无线通信(RoF)系统。在中心站,通过28GHz射频(RF)信号驱动PM产生了56GHz光毫米波,并将下行的2.8Gb/s开关键控(OOK)信号调制到该光载波上,然后经过20km标准单模光纤(SSMF)传输至基站,最后由天线进行发射。用户终端接收后,采用相干解调恢复出基带信号。实验结果表明,56GHz光载毫米波信号经SSMF传输20km后其功率代价小于1dB,通过无线方式传输1.1m后其功率代价小于2.5dB。     

光纤FBG高压传感器的优化设计与实验研究

基于对FBG传感器薄壁圆筒材料和结构的优化设计,制作了FBG高压传感器,在0～50MPa压力范围,进行了加压和减压高压实验,实验结果表明:FBG的压力灵敏度为0.0374nm/MPa,其中心波长与压力变化有着良好的线性关系和重复性,且迟滞性好。模拟结果与实验结果很好吻合。     

单光纤光栅对温度与应变的同步测量

提出了一种采用单光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)进行温度与应变同步测量的新颖设计。一根FBG被分成等长的两部分,用环氧胶水涂敷在其中一部分的表面,再套上金属套管,此时可以看成具有不同的布拉格波长的2个FBG,利用它们之间不同的杨氏模量和热膨胀系数,应变和温度能够同步测量。实验结果表明,在2700με和75℃的测量范围内,可以达到约6.1με和1.0℃的应变和温度精确度,误差主要来源于光谱仪分辨率的限制和FBG其中一部分的胶水涂抹不够均匀,通过使用高分辨率的解调仪和提高胶水涂抹工艺可得到更高的测量精确度。     

曲率光纤传感器的智能夹层系统研究

根据光纤自诊断系统模块化、集成化要求,将曲率光纤传感器以环形布置在PE膜的对称两面,研制了一种智能夹层系统,它可以同时测量结构的曲率和扭转。提出了智能夹层系统的标定方法。对埋有光纤智能夹层的玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料试件在CMT6305型电子万能试验机上进行了轴向拉伸、压缩试验和三点式弯曲性能试验,结果表明,智能夹层的埋入对智能结构力学性能有一定的影响,但影响不大。将光纤智能夹层埋入复合材料内部进行了结构曲率测试,在埋入过程中,光纤传感器的完好率达100%。与埋入前的标定结果相比,智能夹层在埋入后的曲率测量最大偏差为5.2%,说明光纤智能夹层可以在埋入复合材料之前进行标定。     

DBR光纤激光器拍频传感及其组网技术研究

研究了基于单纵模分布Bragg反射(DBR)光纤激光器的拍频解调传感技术,并对其组网技术进行了探讨。由于光纤本身的固有双折射,DBR光纤激光器能够产生两种正交偏振模式的激光,而这两种偏振模式的频率差拍会在射频域形成对温度变化极为敏感的拍频(beatfrequency)。实验结果表明:在20～100℃的温度范围内,激光器拍频随温度的增加呈线性减小,其线性拟合度高达0.99981,拍频灵敏度为0.51063MHz/℃。这种偏振式光纤激光器具有高输出功率、高信噪比、低解调成本和窄输出线宽等特点,有助于构建大规模的光纤有源传感网络。参考近年关于光纤传感网络的报道,提出一种有源光纤环形传感网络的构想。     

新型纤维素基螯合纤维的制备与吸附性能

为了发展水处理的途径,制备了β-环糊精改性的新型纤维素基螯合纤维.运用原子吸收光谱和紫外光谱考察了其对模拟水样中重金属离子(Cu2+)和有机染料(中性红)的吸附性能.实验结果表明,螯合纤维对Cu2+吸附率达6.24 mg/g,符合Langmuir吸附模型;对中性红也具有较强的包结能力.该鏊合纤维水处理能力强,制备简单,操作简便,有潜在的应用价值.     

纳米碳管的非线性热电传输

利用Landauer-Büttiker公式对金属导线/单臂纳米碳管/金属导线结构的热电传输进行理论计算.在有限温度梯度下,利用迭代法计算非线性热电势和热电导,研究表明,热电势和热电导与系统电子的传输行为密切相关,热电势随系统化学势的变化而振荡,且可为正也可为负值,这种行为完全依赖于电子电导的变化.研究结果对分子器件热传输的实际应用有意义.     

Deformation resistance effect of PAN-based carbon fibers

The deformation resistance effect of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was investigated, and the variatipn law of electrical resistivity under tensile stress was analyzed. The results show that the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) of PAN-based carbon fibers is 1.38, which is lower than that of the commonly-used resistance strain gauge. These may due to that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers decreases under tensile stress. In addition when the carbon fibers are stretched, the change of its resistance is caused by fiber physical dimension and the change of electric resistivity, and mainly caused by the change of physical dimension. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber monofilament were also measured. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10672128 and 50878170)