Study on dislocation density,microstructure, and mechanical properties of P92 steel for different heat treatment conditions

The impact of various heat treatment procedures on microstructure, dislocation density, hardness, tensile characteristics, and impact toughness of P92 steel was examined in the current experiment. The martensitic microstructure and average microhardness of 463 HV 0.2±8 HV 0.2 of the normalized steel were prevalent. A tempering procedure was carried out at 760 °C for a range of 2 hours to 6 hours. Additionally, an X-ray diffraction examination was carried out, and the results were used to determine the dislocation density. The normalized sample was characterized by a high dislocation density. The dislocation density was decreased by tempering of normalized samples. With an increase in tempering time, the effect of the treatment coarsened the grains, precipitates, and decreased the area fraction of precipitates. After tempering, MX, M₂₃C₆, and M₇C₃ types precipitates were found to have precipitated, according to energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction research. The ideal tempering period was determined to be 4 hours at a tempering temperature of 760 °C based on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics. Steel that was tempered at 760 °C for 4 hours had a yield strength of 472 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 668.02 MPa, and an elongation of 26.05 %, respectively.     

Investigations of geometrical structure and morphology of samples made of hard machinable materials after wire electrical discharge machining and vibro‐abrasive finishing

In this article the results concerned influence of processing conditions of the wire electrical discharge machining and vibro‐abrasive machining on the surface layer and morphology of samples made of hard machinable materials used in aircraft industry like: Titanium 5553 β, Inconel 617, Hastelloy X and Magnesium AZ31 have been presented. For this purpose the cubic and cylindrical samples made of hard machinable alloys have been prepared using optimal electric parameters of wire‐cut electrical discharge machining and finally they have been polished using circular vibratory finishing technology and different ceramic shaped stones.     

Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung der Gebäudehülle: ein Vergleich zwischen EnEV 2009 und EnEV 2007

Im Hinblick auf die Anforderungen an die Dämmung der Gebäudehülle hat sich ein Wechsel der Bezugsgrößen und Abhängigkeiten von der Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV) 2007 zur EnEV 2009 vollzogen. Deshalb ist ein direkter Vergleich der beiden Vorschriften, zumindest bei Neubauten, nicht ohne weiteres möglich. Im folgenden Artikel wird die Möglichkeit eines allgemein gültigen Vergleichs der beiden Anforderungsniveaus untersucht. Daraus lassen sich für den Planer Schlüsse im Hinblick auf die Einhaltung der Anforderungen und deren Auswirkung auf den Entwurf und die Konstruktion ziehen. Abschnitt 1 behandelt dabei den Neubau von Wohngebäuden, Abschnitt 2 den Neubau von Nichtwohngebäuden und Abschnitt 3 die Bestandsgebäude. Comparison of the heat insulation requirements for building envelopes between EnEV 2007 and EnEV 2009. The heat insulation requirements for building envelopes depending on reference values and various conditions have been changed from EnEV 2007 (German Building Energy Conservation Ordinance) to EnEV 2009. Therefore, a direct comparison of both regulations is not possible, especially for new buildings. In this article the possibility of a generally valid comparison of both requirement levels is examined. Conclusions for the design of residential buildings, commercial buildings and refirbishment of existing buildings are given.