In vitro β‐Carotene Bioaccessibility and Lipid Digestion in Emulsions: Influence of Pectin Type and Degree of Methyl‐Esterification

Citrus pectin (CP) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) were demethoxylated and fully characterized in terms of pectin properties in order to investigate the influence of the pectin degree of methyl‐esterification (DM) and the pectin type on the in vitro β‐carotene bioaccessibility and lipid digestion in emulsions. For the CP based emulsions containing β‐carotene enriched oil, water and pectin, the β‐carotene bioaccessibility, and lipid digestion were higher in the emulsions with pectin with a higher DM (57%; “CP57 emulsion”) compared to the emulsions with pectin with a lower DM (30%; “CP30 emulsion”) showing that the DM plays an important role. In contrast, in SBP‐based emulsions, nor β‐carotene bioaccessibility nor lipid digestion were dependent on pectin DM. Probably here, other pectin properties are more important factors. It was observed that β‐carotene bioaccessibility and lipid digestion were lower in the CP30 emulsion in comparison with the CP57, SBP32, and SBP58 emulsions. However, the β‐carotene bioaccessibility of CP57 emulsion was similar to that of the SBP emulsions, whereas the lipid digestion was not. It seems that pectin type and pectin DM (in case of CP) are determining which components can be incorporated into micelles. Because carotenoids and lipids have different structures and polarities, their incorporation may be different. This knowledge can be used to engineer targeted (digestive) functionalities in food products. If both high β‐carotene bioaccessibility and high lipid digestion are targeted, SBP emulsions are the best options. The CP57 emulsion can be chosen if high β‐carotene bioaccessibility but lower lipid digestion is desired.     

水性聚氨酯涂膜在柑桔贮存保鲜中的应用研究

以常用的保鲜涂膜剂羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和自制的水性聚氨酯乳液为涂膜剂,对柑桔进行涂膜保鲜实验,并与未涂膜柑桔作比较,分别测定柑桔失重率、含糖量、Vc含量、呼吸强度随贮存的变化,并观察外观质量。研究发现,用自制水性聚氨酯乳液进行涂膜后柑桔贮存期间的各项参数明显优于未涂膜柑桔和其它浸涂膜的柑桔,从而有效提高了柑桔的商品价值,延长了货架期。     

Evaluating the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant activity during consumption of dried fruits with nuts

Dried fruits and nuts are considered as healthy snacks and they are often consumed together in the Turkish diet. In order to investigate the effect of codigestion of dried fruits (figs, apricots, raisins) together with nuts (almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts), total phenolics (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been evaluated spectrophotometrically at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion, using an in vitro model. TP, ABTS and CUPRAC results revealed that for all fruit–nut mixtures, the amount recovered in the dialyzed fraction was lower than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, indicating an antagonistic effect. On the other hand, DPPH results showed that for fig–walnut, fig–hazelnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures the quantity recovered in the dialyzed fractions were 35–107% higher than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, representing a synergistic effect. Similarly, FRAP results also demonstrated a synergistic effect in case of fig–walnut, apricot–walnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures (10–74% higher recovery). Current study provides valuable insights into the changes taking place during in vitro GI digestion of dried fruits and nuts.     

14种柑橘皮中多甲氧基黄酮成分分析

建立柑橘皮中9 种多甲氧基黄酮（polymethoxyflavonoids,PMFs）快速定量检测方法,比较不同品种来源柑橘皮中PMFs的含量差异,为寻找高含量PMFs高生物活性柑橘皮的药食两用素材提供参考。采用超声乙醇提取、高效液相色谱方法快速准确检测PMFs,并对14 种柑橘皮、陈皮中9 种特征物质PMFs含量进行比较。结果显示9种PMFs在对照品溶液质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,且准确度和精确度良好。分析发现,不同品种来源柑橘皮中PMFs种类和含量差异很大。江西陈皮、重庆柑橘、广西皇帝柑、广西砂糖橘果皮中PMFs总含量很高,均在7495.19 μg/g以上,其中广西沙糖橘果皮PMFs总含量高达10 412.18 μg/g。该方法简便,稳定性好,可为柑橘皮中PMFs生物活性研究的深入、柑橘皮产品开发和中药原料选材及其质量控制提供科学依据。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用

壳聚糖是生物界中唯一大量存在的天然碱性多糖,无毒无味、可生物降解、生物相容性好、成本较低,具有优良的分散性、保湿性、成膜性、抗菌性等诸多优点。文中介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物保鲜果蔬的机理,综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的最新进展,分析了目前研究中存在的问题并对发展方向作出展望。     

果蔬比热容的影响因素

食品的比热容在其加工、流通、保鲜环节起着重要的作用。利用同步法测定35种果蔬的比热容及其可溶性固形物含量、密度和含水率,并确定其相关性。结果表明：果蔬比热容随着温度的增大而缓慢增大,并且随着温度的升高,比热容的增长率逐渐减小直至不再变化。果蔬含水率和可溶性固形物含量与比热容的相关性分别达到极显著水平;果蔬密度与比热容的相关性没有达到显著水平。果蔬比热容随着果蔬含水率增加呈递增趋势,而可溶性固形物含量大的果蔬具有较小的比热容。     

柑橘在体外模拟胃肠消化过程中总多酚、总黄酮及总抗氧化活性的变化规律

通过体外模拟胃肠消化法模拟柑橘在胃肠道的消化过程,测定模拟胃肠消化过程中总多酚、总黄酮的释放量及总抗氧化活性的变化规律。结果显示,柑橘多酚主要是游离酚,有机化学提取法释放的多酚高于模拟胃肠消化法。模拟胃消化3 h后,与消化0 h相比,宽皮柑、脐橙和金橘的多酚最大释放量是其1.02、0.93、1.21 倍,黄酮最大释放量是其1.46、2.37、2.16 倍,最大抗氧化活性是其1.10、1.23、1.62 倍。体外模拟肠消化4 h后,与胃消化0 h和肠消化0 h相比,宽皮柑、脐橙和金橘的多酚释放量分别为其0.99、0.80、1.29 倍和91%、81%、90%,黄酮的最大释放量分别为其73%、39%、64%和51%、17%、39%,最大抗氧化活性分别为其1.67、1.09、1.76 倍和1.31、0.88、1.22 倍。这表明柑橘在模拟胃肠消化过程中,胃蛋白酶、胰酶、胆汁及胃酸均可以促进抗氧化活性物质释放。     

果蔬中多酚类化合物双向调控Nrf2/Keap1信号通路的研究进展

果蔬中含有丰富的多酚类化合物,其含有的酚羟基中邻位酚羟基极易被氧化,有较强捕捉活性氧等自由 基的能力,因此能够清除自由基和淬灭活性氧。Nrf2（NF-E2-related factor 2）信号通路是增强机体抗氧化功能最 重要的保护性信号途径,在细胞抵御氧化应激机制中有着重要的地位,是抗氧化研究领域的热点。本文通过阐述 Nrf2/Keap1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1）信号通路及其调节方式,讨论Nrf2在肿瘤化学预防和促进癌症发 生中的双重作用,重点介绍和归纳了果蔬中几种典型的多酚类物质对Nrf2/Keap1信号通路双向调控作用的分子机 制,以期为利用果蔬多酚开发健康绿色食品和药品提供一定的理论依据。     

橘皮中酚酸的研究进展

酚酸广泛存在于植物中,大量研究表明酚酸具有如抗氧化、抗癌等多种生物活性。橘皮中含有丰富的酚酸,而目前对橘皮酚酸的提取分离等方面的报道很少。本文综述了橘皮酚酸类化合物的理化性质、提取、分离纯化及生物活性的研究新进展。提出了今后橘皮的研究方向和开发前景,为更好地开发利用柑橘提供参考。