鲜切即食果蔬冷杀菌技术研究进展

目的为保证鲜切即食果蔬的品质和安全,需要在低温条件下去除果蔬携带的微生物和农药残留。方法对鲜切即食果蔬的物理杀菌、化学杀菌及其联合杀菌等冷杀菌技术的研究进行综述。结果目前,杀菌剂与物料的质量比为5:1,鲜切果蔬以质量浓度为100 mg/L和150 mg/L的次氯酸钠(NaClO)溶液结合物理鼓泡式清洗的方式,分阶段杀菌为主,对比各种研发的新型杀菌方法,发现质量浓度为30 mg/L的弱酸性电解水对鲜切果蔬杀菌效果较好,且对人体无毒副作用,将其与物理杀菌方法相结合,将会成为未来鲜切果蔬加工杀菌的趋势,并且具有成本低的优势。结论将化学方法与物理方法联合使用,可以显著降低化学杀菌剂使用量,减少残留危害,并能对鲜切果蔬保鲜产生更好的杀菌效果,保证鲜切果蔬的品质安全。     

Antioxidant Activity and Healthy Benefits of Natural Pigments in Fruits: A Review

Natural pigments, including carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanidins, determine the attractive color of fruits. These natural pigments are essential secondary metabolites, which play multiple roles in the whole life cycle of plants and are characterized by powerful antioxidant activity. After decades of research and development, multiple benefits of these natural pigments to human health have been explored and recognized and have shown bright application prospects in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries. In this paper, the research progress of natural fruit pigments in recent years was reviewed, including the structural characteristics and classification, distribution in fruits and analysis methods, biosynthetic process, antioxidant capacity and mechanism, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and health benefits. Overall, this paper summarizes the recent advances in antioxidant activity and other biological functions of natural fruit pigments, which aims to provide guidance for future research.     

气象条件对柑橘种植的影响分析

柑橘是一种深受人们喜爱的水果,富含多种维生素,营养价值较高。在柑橘种植过程中,常常受到一些气候条件的影响,为使柑橘获得高产稳产,必须研究气象条件对柑橘种植的影响,促进柑橘良好生长,创造更大的经济效益,推动柑橘产业的持续健康发展。文章结合实践,分析探讨气象条件对柑橘种植过程中产生的影响,为柑橘种植技术提供参考。     

High throughput residue analysis of paraquat and diquat involving hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric determination

A selective, sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS method is reported for the determination of the residues of paraquat and diquat in various fruit matrices, including grape, apple and pomegranate. The extraction with acidified water (0.1 M HCl) at 80°C (15 min) offered superior recoveries for both analytes with a significantly lower matrix effects as compared to the extraction with acidified methanol by the methods reported in the existing literature. The optimised HPLC conditions on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, when coupled with electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry, offered their limit of quantification at 0.01 mg kg^?1. The analysis on an XBridge HILIC column required a thorough optimisation of the gradient programme to induce chromatographic separation and minimise matrix effects. This was not necessary when a CORTECS HILIC column was used, which provided selective and sensitive analysis within 5 min runtime using isocratic flow. Isotopically labelled internal standards corrected the recoveries of both analytes within 70–120% (RSD < 20%). For the first time, the applications of high resolution accurate mass analysis in the ‘time of flight – multiple reaction monitoring’ mode have been demonstrated as a complementary means of targeted screening of these compounds at 0.01 mg kg^?1 level. The method has a strong potential for applications in both official control and by those involved in food production for checking compliance with the EU MRLs.     

Dietary Fibers from Fruits and Vegetables and Their Health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Dietary fibers (DFs) regulate host health through various mechanisms related to their dietary sources, specific physicochemical structures, fermentability, and physiological properties in the gut. Considering the numerous types and sources of DFs and their different physicochemical and physiological properties, it is challenging yet important to establish the key mechanisms for the beneficial health effects of DFs. In this review, the types and structures of DFs from different fruits and vegetables were summarized and the effects of different processing methods on DF properties were discussed. Moreover, the impacts of DFs on gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health were described. Understanding the complex interaction between different DFs and gut microbiota is vital for personalized nutrition. It is also important to comprehend factors influencing gut microbiota and strategies to regulate the microbiota, thereby augmenting beneficial health responses. The exploration of molecular mechanism linking DFs, gut microbiota, and host physiology may allow for the identification of effective targets to fight against major chronic diseases.     

In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic profiles of tropical fruit by-products

Peel and seeds of red-skinned passion fruit, mango, longan, rambutan, white-flesh and red-flesh dragon fruit were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity, and determination of a detailed profile of phenolic compounds. Rambutan peel and mango seed extracts exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values). By using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, the profiles of soluble and bound phenolics in the fruit by-products were obtained. Ellagic acid, geraniin, quercetin hexoside, gallic and galloyshikimic acid were predominant in rambutan peel, whereas, mangiferin, ellagic acid and galloy(di)glucoside were the major phenolic compounds in mango seed. Main phenolic compounds in longan peel were ellagic acid, galloyldiglucoside, and gallic acid, while in dragon fruit peel this was isorhamnetin glycoside, isorhamnetin glucorhamoside. Meanwhile, rutin and quercetin hexoside were predominant in passion fruit peel. These findings contribute significantly to the database of phenolic profiles of by-products of tropical fruits.     

Production of biodiesel from citrus maxima (Chakotara) seed oil,a potential of non-food feedstock and its blends with n butanol-diesel and purification,utilization of glycerol obtained as by-product from biodiesel

The aim of the study is to enhance the production and performance of biodiesel from non-food feedstock seeds of citrus maxima through base catalyzed transesterification process. The Performance of biodiesel was increased by the blends with butanol-diesel (Biodiesel + Butanol + Diesel) in different proportions. The obtained biodiesel and its blends were characterized by ASTM. In this study, Glycerol was obtained as a by-product of citrus maxima biodiesel. Crude glycerol was purified by the H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, HCl, and HNO₃. The characterization of glycerol included Flash Point, ash Content, alkalinity, FT-IR, etc..     

Pre-processed fruits as raw materials: part II—process conditions,demand and safety aspects

The demand for pre-processed fruits has grown rapidly in recent years as a result of consumer attention towards fresh, healthy and convenient foods. Most of the fruits are available seasonally and they are perishable, so it is necessary to have a continuous supply of the fruits to avoid the blockages in the fruit processing industry. The review is written in the purview of this issue, and it presents pre-processed fruits as a sustainable solution. The present review is part II of the series of articles on pre-processed fruits as the raw material for various food industries. The fruits covered here are mango, pineapple, pear, olive and papaya. The article continues to emphasise the critical processing and storage condition for these fruits ranked higher in terms of their production quantity and economic value. The fruits are critically reviewed for their processing, storage and safety aspects along with key research findings of different processing techniques. The important safety aspects associated with such processed commodities are also discussed.     

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of immature citrus (Citrus unshiu Marcov.) for flavonoid content and antioxidant activity using a response surface methodology

Food Science and Biotechnology - Immature citrus with peel was enzymatically treated for production of a hydrolysate with enriched bioactive components and higher antioxidant activity. The effects...