Lensless broadband diffractive imaging with improved depth of focus: wavefront modulation by multilevel phase masks

This paper introduces a novel lensless full colour diffractive computational imaging system with a planar Multilevel Phase Mask (MPM) as a diffractive optical element (DOE). The novelty concerns: a methodology of MPM design for improved depth of focus (DoF); design of PSFs for RGB imaging and an inverse imaging algorithm with sparse colour image modelling simultaneous for all RGB channels. MPMs are step-wise invariant. The cubic wavefront coding (WFC) is incorporated in MPMs with optimization of number of levels and width of invariant steps. This design of MPM makes the system robust with respect to defocus (improves DoF) and diminish chromatic aberrations typical for DOEs. Broadband multichannel test-images are exploited for design and testing of the lensless system. We consider two alternative optical setups: Wavelength Multiplexing (WM) and Wavelength Division (WD). In WM, the light beam is broadband multichannel with light sources radiating all wavelengths simultaneously and a CMOS sensor is equipped with a Bayer colour filter array (CFA) for registration of spectral measurements. In this setup, a single MPM is designed for the broadband multichannel light beams. In WD, separate exposures of RGB channels are registered by a broadband grey-scale CCD sensor. Different MPMs are designed for each of the RGB channels. Simulation experiments demonstrate the essentially extended DoF of the designed lensless systems and the advanced accuracy and quality of imaging with respect to the corresponding WM and WD systems with refractive lenses. Due to robustness of the designed lensless system to chromatic aberrations, this advantage has a place even with respect to the lens-system.     

基于HTC Vive的VR界面元素编码研究

目的为了进一步提高虚拟界面的交互高效性,设计实验探究不同元素的尺寸、扩展比和位置对虚拟远程移动交互的可用性影响。方法基于HTC Vive平台结合第4代虚幻引擎(Unreal Engine 4)构建实验环境,选取十八名有VR设备使用经验的被试,测试了六种尺寸、三种扩展比和二十五个区域位置的可用性,并对实验结果进行方差分析。结果选择相关性系数大于0.8的十六组有效数据,得到如下结果:目标尺寸为270 mm时在任务完成时间、指向误差和指向便携性表现最好;扩展比越大越好,尤其是当目标尺寸小于360 mm时;界面中心和左侧位置优于其他区域位置,更适合放置主要交互元素或强调元素。结论实验搭建的虚拟现实系统及相关结论可为后续虚拟界面的设计提供客观科学的指导性建议,对提高虚拟界面交互的可用性有重要影响。     

通信技术的发展动力——有效性和可靠性

本文从现代通信系统的各个环节介绍了人类在不断追求高效通信技术和高可靠性通信系统的矛盾统一过程中,不断发明的新理论和新技术,特别介绍了近几年已实用的或正在实用化过程中的新技术以及目前的重点研究课题,从而说明了这一矛盾的新表现和解决这一矛盾的新途径。     

DBN在蛋白质编码区识别问题中的应用研究

针对真核生物DNA序列中蛋白质编码区的识别问题,提出基于深度置信网络（Deep Belief Network,DBN）的组合模型。通过信号处理技术对真核生物的DNA序列进行数值转换,并结合统计学知识提取转换后DNA序列的数值特征;利用随机森林对所提取的特征变量降维;用深度置信网络模型对DNA序列分类判别;根据短时傅里叶变换（Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT）技术对外显子区准确定位。在三个标准测试集上比较组合模型与传统[Logistic]回归模型、贝叶斯判别模型的判别效果,结果显示,深度置信网络组合模型的准确率和特异度等指标都明显优于[Logistic]回归模型和贝叶斯判别模型。     

基于RBEC的副本动态存储方法

随着云存储技术的飞速发展,现有的云存储架构和存储模式都以一种静态的方式呈现在用户和攻击者面前,使得数据面临着更多的安全威胁。针对这种数据静态存储模式的不足,文中提出了一种基于二元随机扩展码(RBEC)的副本动态存储方法。该方法利用一种网络编码将数据块存储在云节点上,通过基于二元随机扩展码进行节点数据变换,可随机时变地改变节点的数据信息,通过变换攻击面来增加攻击者实施攻击的复杂度和成本,降低系统的脆弱性曝光和被攻击的概率,提高系统的弹性。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,该方法对变换时的编码计算时间开销在整个动态变换中的占比不高,主要的时间开销是在节点间数据编码块的传输上。此外,文中还将该方法与一般再生码拟态变换方案做了性能对比分析。REBC的特性,即重新生成的编码矩阵满足MDS性质的概率几乎为1,所以文中所提方法的编码过程的性能开销优于一般再生码可能多次变换的性能开销。     

面向信息系统跨平台轻量应用的汉字编码转换程序

国标码如GB18030是我国的汉字编码国家标准, UTF-8是国际字符编码, 在国际化的今天这些编码方式在中文信息环境中同时存在并有着不少的使用. 为兼容与已有系统的如文本、协议的汉字交互处理, 新开发的信息系统必然需要将上述形式编码的汉字进行编码转换. 本文介绍了常用的汉字编码, 并详细说明了一种面向信息系统轻量应用的汉字编码转换程序, 该程序支持跨操作系统平台复用.     

基于BiLSTM-Attention唇语识别的研究

为了解决唇语识别中唇部特征提取和时序关系识别存在的问题,提出了一种双向长短时记忆网络(BiLSTM)和注意力机制(Attention Mechanism)相结合的深度学习模型。首先将唇部20个关键点得到的唇部不同位置的高度和宽度作为唇部的特征,使用BiLSTM对唇部特征序列进行时序编码,然后利用注意力机制来发掘不同时刻唇部时序特征对于整体唇语识别的不同权重,最后利用Softmax进行分类。在公开的唇语识别数据集GRID和MIRACL-VC上与传统的唇语识别模型进行实验对比。在GRID数据集上准确率至少提高了13.4%,在MIRACL-VC单词数据集上准确率至少提高了15.3%,短语数据集上准确率至少提高了9.2%。同时还与其他编码模型进行了实验对比,实验结果表明该模型能有效地提高唇语识别的准确率。     

融合关键词的中文新闻文本摘要生成

The existing seq2seq model often suffers from semantic irrelevance when generating summaries, and does not consider the role of keywords in summary generation. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a Chinese news text abstractive summarization method with keywords fusion. Firstly, the source text words are input into the Bi-LSTM model in order. The obtained hidden state is input to the sliding convolutional neural network, so local features between each word and adjacent words are extracted. Secondly, keyword information and gating unit are used to filter news text information, so as to remove redundant information. Thirdly, the global feature information of each word is obtained through the self-attention mechanism, and the hierarchical combination of local and global word features representation is obtained after encoding. Finally, the encoded word feature representation is input into the LSTM model with the attention mechanism to decode the summary information. The method models the n-gram features of news words through a sliding convolutional network. Based on this, the self-attention mechanism is used to obtain hierarchical local and global word feature representations. At the same time, the important role of keywords in abstractive summary is considered, and the gating unit is used to remove redundant information to obtain more accurate news text information. Experiments on Sogou's news corpus show that this method can effectively improve the quality of summary generation, and effectively enhance the values of ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2、ROUGE-L.     

A coding optimized polarization conversion metasurface in broadband and wide‐angle

In this article, a coding optimized metasurface is proposed for linear polarization conversion in broadband and wide‐angle. Using an improved coding method, the geometry of the metallic structure and the size of the unit cell are encoded with a code sequence. The code sequence is optimized by genetic algorithm, considering bandwidth, efficiency, and angular stability. In this way, a coding optimized metasurface was obtained for polarization conversion in broadband and wide‐angle. It can convert linear polarized incidence to its orthogonal polarized reflection in 8 to 18.9 GHz and 0° to 45°, with the polarization conversion ratio larger than 80%. Both simulated and measured results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed metasurface. Hence, our method offers an effective strategy to design high‐performance polarization conversion metasurfaces.     

Video coding for OFDM systems with imperfect CSI: A hybrid digital–analog approach

Performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is greatest when the exact channel state information (CSI) is used for transmitter rate control and power allocation. However, in real systems CSI can only be approximately known. Moreover, in video communication, it can be difficult to use any CSI for rate control of a video codec if the channel changes significantly during a group of pictures coded jointly, such as when the receiver is moving. We address this issue through a hybrid digital–analog (HDA) coding system where a standard video codec is used to generate a fixed-rate base layer upon which the analog quantization error is superimposed as a refinement layer. The system adapts to channel variations by proper transmit-power allocation between digital and analog components and across OFDM subcarriers, based on CSI. We present a power allocation scheme for this system which explicitly takes into account the imprecise nature of the available CSI. Experimental results obtained with simulated OFDM channel traces show that proposed scheme is able to achieve a much better quality-vs-reliability trade-off in video transmission, compared to the best known digital-only and analog-only alternatives.