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101.
Fretting fatigue is one of the most important phenomena for inducing a significant reduction of fatigue strength and consequently,
leading to unexpected failure accidents of the engineering structures even at very low stresses. In the present study, both
plain and fretting fatigue tests with zero mean stress were carried out on two different types of steel, low-carbon steel
and martensitic stainless steel, by means of a reversed bending fatigue testing machine. The drop in the fatigue strengths
through fretting at vise clamp-specimen interface were significant for both tested steels. The fretting processes produced
a reduction in fatigue strength of about 27% for low-carbon steel and 16% for martensitic stainless steel. 相似文献
102.
本文研究了一种Zn-Ti合金新镀层,经盐水浸泡、中性盐雾和大气暴露试验结果试验,其耐蚀明显超过镀Zn层,并与镀Cd层相近,用缺口持久拉伸试验检验氢脆性,拉伸持续时间超过200h,达到原航空部部颁标准(HB5067-85),该镀层适用于高强度钢防护。 相似文献
103.
在辽宁省工业城市进行 A3钢大气暴露试验。两年后测出不同地点腐蚀率。依据所记录的各试验点的气象数据和污染数据,讨论了 A3钢的大气腐蚀规律。 相似文献
104.
Design optimization of 3D steel structures: Genetic algorithms vs. classical techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
María Belén Prendes Gero Antonio Bello García 《Journal of Constructional Steel Research》2006,62(12):1303-1309
In this paper an elitist genetic algorithm (GA) developed by the authors is compared with common commercial solutions for complex structural optimization. After its prior validation on two-dimensional (2D) structures, the GA was tuned and improved in order to obtain structural elements with minimum weights that satisfy the ultimate limit states of the applicable building code. Subsequently, the same spatial structures were optimized using a commercial structural analysis program. Finally, the cost and weight improvements obtained using the GA, although at a higher computational cost, are discussed. 相似文献
105.
For environmental considerations, the substitution of the conventionally used oil-based grinding fluids has nowadays become strongly recommended. Although several alternatives have been proposed, cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen is the non-polluting coolant that has been given relatively more attention because of its very low temperature. In this investigation, in order to contribute to developing this promising cooling mode, its beneficial effects on the ground surface integrity of the AISI 304 stainless steel and their consequences on the fatigue lifetime are explored. Results of this investigation show that grinding under cryogenic cooling mode generates surfaces with lower roughness, less defects, higher work hardening and less tensile residual stresses than those obtained on surfaces ground under oil-based grinding fluid. These surface enhancements result into substantial improvements in the fatigue behaviour of components ground under this cooling mode. An increasing rate of almost 15% of the endurance limit at 2 × 106 cycles could be realized. SEM analyses of the fatigue fracture surfaces have shown that the fatigue cracks observed on the specimens ground under cryogenic cooling are shorter (i.e., 30-50 μm) than those generated under oil-based cooling mode (i.e., 150-200 μm). The realized improvements in the surface integrity and in the fatigue behaviour are thought to be related to the reduction of the grinding zone temperature observed under cryogenic cooling, as no significant differences between the grinding force components for both cooling modes have been observed. 相似文献
106.
V. E. Kahle 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2006,6(4):23-28
Three reconditioned rail car couplers, arbitrarily identified as couplers, failed during service due to cracking of the front
face. The three couplers were reportedly upgraded by quenching and tempering to enhance strength and toughness. The objective
of this investigation was to determine the mode of crack propagation and the root cause of the observed failures.
Verl E. (Bud) Kahle, P.E., was a professional failure analyst for more than forty years. After receiving his Bachelor of Science
degree in physical metallurgy from Washington State University 1957, Bud was employed by the General Electric Company at a
facility in Hanford, Washington. He later was employed by the Aerojet General Corporation and eventually was head of the Southern
Pacific Materials Science Laboratory in Sacramento. After retirement from Southern Pacific he owned and operated his own firm,
Kahle Metallurgical Consulting Services, for fifteen years. He came to be known as “the man with the answers” to clients in
a variety of industries. Bud was a Life Member of ASM International.
Many of Bud’s clients remarked on the high quality of his failure analysis case histories and encouraged him to have them
published. After Bud passed away in 1999, his wife, Suzanne, approached ASM International to see if the society would be interested
in publishing any of his work. Mrs. Kahle was able to supply a large number of reports, which Bud had carefully archived over
the years. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention Associate Editor Michael Stevenson read through the collected case histories, selected the ones to be included in this issue,
and edited them for journal publication.
ASM International wishes to thank Mrs. Kahle for providing these case histories for publication. 相似文献
107.
108.
Shinichi Nomura Takushi Hagita Hiroaki Tsutsui Yoshihisa Sato Ryuichi Shimada 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2008,164(2):37-43
The objective of this work is to discuss the concept of back‐to‐back interconnection systems with energy storage, especially with a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) incorporated into a back‐to‐back DC link. In this case, each converter of the back‐to‐back system is used as a power conditioning system for the SMES coils. Since the AC–DC converter can be designed independently of the frequency of the power system, a two‐way switch is connected to the AC side of each converter. This two‐way switch can select the interconnected power systems. By using the two‐way switches, this system can provide the stored energy in the SMES system to each interconnected power system through two AC–DC converters. For instance, lower‐cost power of each power network can be stored through two converters during the off‐peak hours and made available for dispatch to each power network during periods of demand peak. Then this system increases the reliability of electric power networks and enables the economical operations depending on the power demand. This paper describes the unique operations of the back‐to‐back interconnection with SMES and discuses the optimal SMES configuration for a 300‐MW‐class back‐to‐back interconnection. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(2): 37–43, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20482 相似文献
109.
The forming behaviour at high temperature of a modified 9%Cr‐1%Mo (P91) ferritic steel containing B and Ti for elevated temperature service was investigated. The microstructure of the as‐received material is mainly martensite at room temperature, but special etching revealed prior austenite grains of about 25 μm in size. Torsion tests were conducted at temperatures in the range 850 to 1250 °C to simulate the hot rolling process under comparable conditions of temperature, strain rate and strain. The deformation data obtained from these tests were correlated with the Garofalo equation with a stress exponent of 4.6 and an activation energy of 315 kJ/mol. This equation was used to predict the formability behaviour for the rolling process and also to determine the maximum forming efficiency and stability of the steel. A temperature of 1200 °C is recommended to conduct the forming process. 相似文献
110.
Cr12型模具钢锻造内部裂纹产生的原因及预防 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于Cr12型钢种的特点,归纳了Cr12钢锻造时内部裂纹的类型,分析了内部裂纹产生的原因并提出了相应的预防措施。 相似文献