冷颜料在红外隐身涂料中的应用

目的通过冷颜料降低目标的表面温度,起到红外隐身的作用。方法采用XRD衍射仪和紫外/可见光/近红外分光光度计等,分析颜料的相结构及近红外光谱特性。采用红外辐射率测量仪、紫外/可见光/近红外分光光度计和红外灯模拟太阳光照射,分析涂层的红外发射率及反射隔热性能。结果与炭黑颜料相比,铁铬黑颜料的近红外平均反射率为57%,且反射光谱与叶绿素基本一致;当填料质量分数为10%时,铁铬黑涂层的近红外反射率最大,平均反射率为39.2%,红外发射率为0.91;20%(质量分数)炭黑涂层和10%(质量分数)铁铬黑涂层相比,铁铬黑涂层的反射隔热效果明显,其平衡温度较普通炭黑涂层低8.8℃。结论红外隐身材料应考虑颜料对涂层红外发射率的影响,在满足涂层颜色的条件下尽量控制颜料的添加量,实际应用中以颜料添加10%(质量分数)为宜,在满足涂层反射隔热要求的同时,保证了涂层的红外发射率。     

高山寒冷矿区通风系统的改进

酒钢镜铁山铁矿地和山寒冷山区，通风条件复杂，原设计的整体压入式大主扇通风系统没有正常运转。根据矿山具体条件，在新中段采用多级机站通风系统。本文着重介绍新系统的特点、多级机站的布置，并分析了矿山通风中存在的几个问题。     

TC4钛合金不同焊接方法焊接性及接头性能分析

为了研究TC4钛合金在不同焊接方法条件下的焊接性及接头性能,对TC4钛合金分别进行了氩弧焊、冷焊、激光焊、电子束焊以及电阻点焊试验,并对接头的强度、硬度、塑性、韧性、金相组织等进行了对比分析。试验结果显示,采用TA18焊丝,氩弧焊接头强度平均值为982.5 MPa,伸长率为7.5%,强度和塑性匹配良好;冷焊接头强度平均值974.5 MPa,焊缝区硬度低于热影响区,热影响区宽度0.7~1.0 mm,焊接变形改善明显;激光焊接头强度平均值956.5 MPa,伸长率达母材水平;电子束焊接头强度高于母材,塑性低于母材,热处理后接头强度升高,焊缝区存在金相组织的梯度分布;电阻点焊接头的熔核直径和抗剪力随焊接参数增大逐渐增大。研究表明,TC4 钛合金具有良好的焊接性,在弧焊、束焊和电阻焊工艺下,焊接性良好,焊接接头金相组织合理,强度、塑性等 力学性能指标匹配良好。     

郑州日产汽车有限公司第二工厂办公楼暖通空调设计

介绍了郑州日产办公楼功能区、空调冷热源的选择和空调水系统及风系统的设计,在满足办公楼使用要求的同时,力求节约能源,降低能耗。     

Effect of Mn-Bearing Dispersoids on Tensile Properties and Recrystallization Resistance of Al-3Mg-0.8Mn Rolled Alloy

Herein, the precipitation behavior of Mn-bearing dispersoids in Al-3Mg-0.8Mn (AA5454) alloy subjected to different heat treatments is investigated. The effects of Mn-bearing dispersoids on the tensile properties and recrystallization resistance of the abovementioned alloy during hot/cold rolling and postrolling annealing are evaluated. The results show that a low-temperature three-step heat treatment (275 °C/12 h + 375 °C/48 h + 425 °C/12 h) generates a higher number density of Mn-bearing dispersoids with finer sizes compared with the typical high-temperature heat treatment (430 °C/2 h + 480 °C/2 h + 525 °C/2 h), thus resulting in significantly improved tensile strengths of hot/cold-rolled sheets. After annealing at 300 °C, the yield strength (YS) of the alloy reached 196 MPa after hot rolling and 237 MPa after cold rolling, showing an improvement of 30%–32% over samples subjected to high-temperature heat treatment. In addition, the low-temperature heat treatment provides a higher recrystallization resistance after hot and cold rolling owing to the higher number density of Mn-bearing dispersoids and the lower fraction of dispersoid-free zones. The YS contributions of various strengthening components after hot and cold rolling are discussed based on constitutive models. The predicted yield strengths agree well with the experimental values.     

冷轧表面夹杂断带的研究

文章介绍了通过对轧制过程中出现边裂、边部孔洞并断带的冷轧板进行分析,结果表明断带是由连铸坯中夹杂物引起的,并针对这种情况提出了改进措施。     

Bichromatic state-insensitive trapping of cold 133Cs–87Rb atomic mixtures

We investigate simultaneous state-insensitive trapping of a mixture of two different atomic species, Caesium and Rubidium. The magic wavelengths of the Caesium and Rubidium atoms are different, 935.6 and 789.9 nm respectively, thus single-frequency simultaneous state-insensitive trapping is not possible. We thus identify bichromatic trapping as a viable approach to tune the two magic wavelengths to a common value. Correspondingly, we present several common magic wavelength combinations appropriate for simultaneous state-insensitive trapping of the two atomic species.     

Effect of annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of cold drawn polypropylene fibres

Refractive indices and birefringence changes with strain produced by different stresses in annealed and unannealed polypropylene fibres (4 : 1 draw ratio, 515 tex polypropylene from Bolton, UK) were measured interferometrically. Calculations were carried out using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the Cauchy's constants, dispersive coefficient and the dielectric constant at infinity. The orientation factor and orientation angle of the fibre material were calculated for different strain values. Poisson's ratio and the strain optical coefficient were also determined. An empirical formula is suggested to correlate the orientation factor, orientation angle, area of cross-section and birefringence with the draw ratio, and the constants of this formula were determined. The effect of the draw ratio on the refractive index profile was studied. Microinterferograms and curves are given as illustrations.     

多结构形式小通道液冷板散热性能对比研究

小通道冷板作为一种有效的热控装置,已被广泛应用于高热流密度电子器件的热管理领域。文中以通道特征尺寸为2 mm 的串行、并行以及射流冲击/小通道混合液冷板为研究对象,旨在获取这3种结构形式冷板的极限散热能力和流动阻力损失的差异。研究结果表明：在相同冷却工质流量条件下,3种冷板的散热功率由大到小依次为串行通道、并行通道、射流冲击/小通道混合液冷板;串行通道冷板的板内阻力损失明显大于其余两者;在综合考虑压力损失和散热性能的基础上,根据不同热源热流密度条件选择合适的冷板结构,有望满足特定应用的需求。该研究可供小通道液冷板的设计和优化参考。     

Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamus GABAergic Neurons in Sleep–Wake States in Response to Changes in Ambient Temperature in Mice

Good sleep quality is essential for maintaining the body’s attention during wakefulness, which is easily affected by external factors such as an ambient temperature. However, the mechanism by which an ambient temperature influences sleep–wake behaviors remains unclear. The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has been reported to be involved in thermoregulation. It also receives projection from the preoptic area, which is an important region for sleep and energy homeostasis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus—a main control area of the clock rhythm. Therefore, we hypothesized that the DMH plays an important role in the regulation of sleep related to ambient temperatures. In this study, we found that cold exposure (24/20/16/12 °C) increased wakefulness and decreased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, while warm exposure (32/36/40/44 °C) increased NREM sleep and decreased wakefulness compared to 28 °C conditions in wild-type mice. Then, using non-specific and specific apoptosis, we found that lesions of whole DMH neurons and DMH γ–aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons induced by caspase-3 virus aggravated the fluctuation of core body temperature after warm exposure and attenuated the change in sleep–wake behaviors during cold and warm exposure. However, chemogenetic activation or inhibition of DMH GABAergic neurons did not affect the sleep–wake cycle. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of DMH GABAergic neurons in the regulation of sleep–wake behaviors elicited by a change in ambient temperature.