Selection of NF membrane to improve quality of chemically treated surface water

The requirement for higher quality drinking water necessitates the application of more efficient water treatment techniques. Nanofiltration is one promising option for enhanced water treatment, for example, in enhanced organic matter removal. The characteristics of different nanofiltration membranes vary remarkably, and the selection of a membrane has to be made according to the requirements of an application. In this study six nanofiltration membranes (NF70, NF255, NTR-7450, NTR-7410, Desal-5 and TFC-S) were evaluated in improving the quality of chemically pre-treated surface water in a pilot-scale process. The results indicate that the membrane with high organics removal and slightly reduced ion removal characteristics (NF255) performed best in terms of product water quality as well as membrane productivity and fouling. The most permeable membrane (NTR-7410) suffered intensive fouling and insufficient product water quality. An interesting finding was that the permeates of all the tested membranes possessed a significant potential for microbial growth, despite the low nutrient contents.     

对应用C-D生产函数度量煤炭科技进步方法的质疑

对全要素生产率进行了深入讨论 ,着重分析了煤炭企业全要素生产率理论模型所导致的应用局限性 .在这个基础上 ,对产出增长的构成进行了“内生化”分解 ,重新解释了产出的增长源泉 .由此建立了纯要素生产率增长率的概念来代替全要素生产率增长率 ,从而为煤炭企业生产率分析提供更为可靠的理论与方法     

Thermal Electrochemical, and Plasma Oxidation of Ti–50Zr, Cu–50Zr, Cu–50Ti, and Cu–33Ti–33Zr Alloys

The three main methods for oxidation of metallic substrates, thermal, anodic and plasma have been applied to a copper, titanium, and zirconium alloy and its corresponding binaries (Cu–33Ti–33Zr, Cu–50Ti, Cu–50Zr and Ti–50Zr). Polished polycrystalline samples of these alloys were examined before treatment, after vacuum thermal annealing at 100°C and heating in 20 mTorr oxygen at 100, 200, and 300°C. ISS depth profiles were taken of selected samples. The least-noble component oxidizes first, but at high temperatures and with plasma oxidation the noble component segregates to the surface. A comparison of the resulting structures on the ternary and binary alloys with different oxidation methods is used to explore the physico-chemical processes during oxidation. Results from these three methods are discussed in terms of physical/chemical parameters that influence the chemical nature and structure of the resulting oxides. The electrochemical processes that occur during the materials reaction with a chosen environment are used to discuss the physical and chemical mechanisms involved. Intrinsic (thermal and plasma oxidation) and extrinsic (electrochemical oxidation) electric fields are shown to influence the chemical and structural nature of the resulting oxide structures. The influence of transport phenomena is discussed.     

A new group-contribution method for critical properties

In the paper, an estimating method for critical properties in group-contribution method is presented.For eliminating the influence of adjacent group and distinguishing isomers, the new method including first-level group-contribution method and second-level group-contribution method is proposed. The new method demonstrates significant improvement in accuracy.     

TiC晶须的制备及应用

TiC晶须以其优异的物理和化学性能具有重要的研究意义和实用价值.该文综述了国内外TiC晶须的最新研究进展,详细介绍了几种制备TiC晶须的典型方法,如碳热还原法、化学气相沉积法、原位合成法、溶胶-凝胶法等,并指出了这几种制备方法的优缺点,分析、讨论了TiC晶须的2种生长模型及机理;介绍了TiC晶须作为增强增韧相在陶瓷基复合材料、金属基复合材料中的具体应用情况,展望了TiC晶须的发展前景.     

生物医用钛及钛合金的研制、生产和应用

简介了新型生物医用功能材料用钛及钛合金的研制历史、生产、标准和应用。     

渗碳钢钛含量的优化设计

根据钢铁材料的微合金化原理和强韧化原理,对广泛使用的含钛渗碳钢的钛含量进行了理论计算分析和优化设计,结果表明,适当降低钛含量,不影响其在渗碳过程中阻止奥氏体晶粒长大的作用,但可有效地减少或消除含钛渗碳钢中的液析氮化钛,从而提高钢材的力学性能.     

TiO2-CeO2离子储存电极薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术，以Ti（OC489）4和Ce（NO3）3·6H2O为前驱体制备了Ti／Ce不同摩尔配比的TiO2-CeO2复合薄膜。运用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗等分析了其结构和性能。实验结果表明，当Ti／Ce摩尔比为1：1时，薄膜具有致密的非晶态显微结构；在Li^＋离子注入，脱出过程中，薄膜有较快的电化学响应和较高的电荷容量，在20mV·s^-1的扫描速率下，注入Li^＋离子的扩散系数约为1．50×10^-11cm^2·s^-1，并且第20次稳定循环的阴极和阳极电荷密度分别为12和9．5mC·cm^-2，表明薄膜具有良好的循环可逆性。电化学和光学测试表明该薄膜可以作为电致变色装置的对电极。     

安钢3#高炉大喷煤量探索

安钢3^#高炉采用全烟煤喷吹。提高煤粉燃烧率、维持适宜的理论燃烧温度、保证煤气流的合理分布是提高喷煤比的关键。本文介绍安钢就如何提高3^#高炉喷煤量及大喷煤量下的高炉操作进行探索并取得了良好技术指标（煤比提高24kg／t，焦比降低了43kg／t）的生产实践。     

中国航空结构用新型钛合金研究

中国钛产业近几年来得到了快速发展，钛材产量已经位居世界第4位，但航空结构用钛合金产品（锻件和大棒材等半成品）只占10％左右，距离世界水平的50％差距甚远。所以，加强航空结构用新型钛合金材料技术及其应用研究，提高航空结构用钛合金的加工技术和应用水平，建立具有中国特色的航空结构用钛合金材料体系，是提高钛合金在航空工业用量的重要推动力和保障。本文从分析国内外钛合金产业结构特点出发，重点阐述航空结构用新型钛合金材料和新型热工艺技术的最新研究进展。