Inhibitory effect of mung bean extract and its constituents vitexin and isovitexin on the formation of advanced glycation endproducts

The anti-glycation activity of four kinds of beans including mung bean, black bean, soybean and cowpea were evaluated. Aqueous alcohol extract of mung bean exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against the formation of fluorescent advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose model, and the inhibitory activities of extracts of the four beans were found to be highly correlated with their total phenolic contents (R² = 0.95). Subsequent HPLC analysis of mung bean extract revealed two major phenolics which were purified and identified as vitexin and isovitexin by spectral methods. In the anti-glycation assays, both vitexin and isovitexin showed significant inhibitory activities against the formation of AGEs induced by glucose or methylglyoxal with efficacies of over 85% at 100 μM. In another assay, vitexin and isovitexin failed to directly trap reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal, suggesting that their anti-glycation activities may mainly be due to their free radical scavenging capacity.     

小切口非超声乳化手术与超声乳化治疗白内障的对比研究

目的：探讨小切口非超声乳化手术在白内障治疗中的应用价值。方法将80例白内障患者按照治疗方法的不同分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用超声乳化白内障摘除术治疗,观察组采用小切口非超声乳化手术治疗,比较2组患者的治疗效果、并发症发生情况及治疗费用。结果2组术后视力＞0．5的比率均显著高于术前（P ＜0．05）;对照组术后1 d 视力＞0．5的比率显著高于观察组（P ＜0．05）;术后1周、1个月时,2组视力＞0．5的比率比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。2组患者术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,观察组的治疗费用显著少于对照组（P ＜0．05）。结论小切口非超声乳化治疗白内障的疗效较好,且费用低、操作简便、易于推广,适合在广大基层医院开展。     

抑肽酶对体外循环手术患者的影响

目的探讨体外循环手术患者应用抑肽酶的临床效果及安全性。方法以中国食品及药品监督局下令暂停抑肽酶在心脏外科临床使用的日期（2007年12月19日）为分界点,回顾性分析停药前后1年的患者临床资料。选择2006年12月19日至2007年12月18日行体外循环手术患者为抑肽酶组（n=360）,在术中均应用抑肽酶;2007年12月19日至2008年12月18日行体外循环手术患者为对照组（n=360）,在术中均未使用抑肽酶。对2组患者体外循环、主动脉阻断时间,术后出血量、输血量、呼吸机使用时间、术后24 h氧分压指数,二次开胸、术后肾功能不全、术后低心排出量综合征、延迟拔管、术后严重肺部感染等发生率及住院病死率进行比较。结果 2组患者手术种类、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间,肾功能不全、低心排出量综合征发生率,住院病死率的比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。抑肽酶组术后出血量、输血量、呼吸机使用时间,二次开胸、延迟拔管、严重肺部感染发生率均低于对照组（均P〈0.05）;术后24 h氧分压指数高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论体外循环手术应用抑肽酶是安全有效的,可明显减少术后出血量及输血量,且对肺功能有一定的保护作用,并没有增加病死率及并发症发生率。所以,在中国是否应该停用抑肽酶还需要国内做一些大样本、多中心的临床研究来验证。     

Role of Adaptor Protein Myeloid Differentiation 88 (MyD88) in Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Inflammation: A Systematic Review

Myeloid differentiation 88 (MyD88) is a well-established inflammatory adaptor protein. It is one of the essential downstream proteins of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that are usually activated by the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). Sterile inflammation is triggered by the endogenous DAMPs released in response to global cerebral ischemia and from extravasated blood after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this review, we highlight the importance of the neuroinflammatory role of the MyD88 in the SAH. We also explore a few possible pharmacological agents that can be used to decrease SAH-associated neuroinflammation by modulating the MyD88 dependent functions. Pharmacological agents such as flavonoids, melatonin, fluoxetine, pentoxifylline and progesterone have been investigated experimentally to reduce the SAH-associated inflammation. Inhibition of the MyD88 not only reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also potentially inhibits other processes that can augment the SAH associated inflammation. Further investigations are required to translate these findings in the clinical setting.     

209例肿瘤患者深静脉置管术并发症的护理对策

肿瘤患者在接受化疗、胃肠外营养、输血或血制品、标本采集等治疗时,需行深静脉穿刺置管术,但置管后出现的并发症,需引起高度的重视,恰当的护理对策,能有效地避免深静脉穿刺置管术后并发症,减轻患者的痛苦。     

Refractory orthostatic hypotension after creation of a brachio‐basilic arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred vascular access in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, AVFs, can occasionally lead to clinically significant complications. Of these, cardiovascular complications have been well described in the literature. In this report, we describe a case of a 78‐year‐old Caucasian male with ESRD who presented with severe debilitating dizziness and orthostatic hypotension that started soon after the creation of left brachiobasilic AVF. The patient had no significant cardiovascular history apart from essential hypertension. His symptoms persisted despite extensive evaluation and interventions, and abated only after banding of the AVF. This report describes the timeline of the patient's clinical course beginning from the day of creation of his AVF, through the course of his hospitalization leading to AVF banding and ending with postoperative recovery phase with resolution of symptoms. We will also review the pathophysiologic effects of AVF on cardiovascular system, as well as the potential causes of our patient's clinical presentation.     

Esophageal perforation during cuffed tunneled catheter introduction: First case in literature

The percutaneous catheterization of central veins is increasingly used in nephrological practice as a temporary or permanent vascular access. Some mechanical complications may occur during insertion of catheter such as misplaced catheter. In this report, we present a case that was misplaced the catheter in esophagus and to analyze the reason of catheter malposition during percutaneous tunneled hemodialysis catheter insertion.     

Higher arteriovenous fistulae blood flows are associated with a lower level of dialysis-induced cardiac injury

Native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) remain the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis (HD). Despite being associated with superior long-term outcomes (cf. catheter use), little is known about the systemic hemodynamic consequences of AVFs. Repetitive myocardial injury (myocardial stunning) is an under-recognized common consequence of HD. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of AVF flow (Qa) on dialysis-induced cardiac injury. We studied 50 chronic HD patients. All patients underwent echocardiography (and subsequent quantitative offline analysis) at baseline, during and post dialysis, to assess left ventricular function and the development of regional wall motion abnormalities. Qa was measured using ionic dialysance. Patients were divided into Qa tertiles (<500, mean 291±101 mL/min, 500–1000, mean 739±130 mL/min and >1000, mean 1265±221 mL/min). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, diabetes, or resting ejection fraction. Patients with Qa>1000 mL/min had a lower prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (55% vs. 76%, P=0.01). Dialysis-induced myocardial stunning (seen in 65% of the patients studied) was significantly and sequentially reduced in those patients with higher Qas. This was seen in a lower number of segments and ventricular regions developing regional wall motion abnormalities, as well as a significantly reduced mean and cumulative percentage reduction in fractional shortening of those ventricular segments affected (−187±37%, −161±26%, and −101±25%, respectively, P=0.04). Relatively higher AVF flows appear to be associated with a lower level of observed HD-induced cardiac injury.