果蔬包装用可生物降解材料的制备与应用研究进展

目的 可生物降解材料具有高效和环保的特点,可以减轻传统石油基材料过度使用带来的环境污染问题,总结可生物降解材料及其制备技术的特点为进一步促进其在果蔬包装中的应用提供参考和基础。方法 首先对现有的可生物降解材料进行分类,其次探究其制备方法,然后对近年来可生物降解材料在生鲜果蔬包装中的应用,以及对生鲜果蔬保质期和质量的影响相关的研究进行总结和分析,最后对可生物降解材料的特点和应用前景进行归纳、分析和展望。结果 可生物降解材料具有良好的性能,适当的透气性和透湿性,较高的CO2/O2选择透过性,可大幅度地提高果蔬的货架期。结论 可生物降解材料相较于现有的保鲜包装材料有更好的保鲜效果,高效环保,能减轻不可降解材料对环境造成的污染问题。     

Enhanced green emission from Tb-Bi co-doped GdAlO3 nanophosphors

Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions co-doped GdAlO₃ (GAP) nanophosphors have been synthesized by means of solvothermal reaction method. The XRD pattern of GAP phosphor confirms their orthorhombic phase. The luminescence properties of these phosphors have been explored by analyzing their excitation and emission spectra along with their decay curves. The excitation spectra of GAP:Tb³⁺, Bi³⁺ phosphors consist of a broad band in the shorter wavelength region due to the 4f⁸ → 4f⁷5d¹ transition of Tb³⁺ ions overlapped with the 6s² → 6s¹6p¹ (¹S₀ → ³P₁) transition of Bi³⁺ ions and some sharp peaks in the longer wavelength region due to f → f transitions of Tb³⁺ ions. The present phosphors exhibit green color due to strong ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transition of Tb³⁺ ions. The emission intensity was enhanced by co-doping with Bi³⁺ ions under 292 nm excitation, which indicate that the efficient energy transfer occurred from Bi³⁺ to Tb³⁺ ions.     

钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料研究进展

钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料作为近20年新出现的穿甲工程材料,是一种极有可能替代具有放射性危害的贫铀合金和穿甲威力稍差的钨合金的新兴材料。自从钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料被制备出来以后,各学者先后对材料中钨丝和锆基非晶合金之间的界面接触强度、钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料中钨丝的参数、环境温度、应变率、仿真计算以及穿甲应用等方面进行了研究。研究表明,制备过程中保温温度,钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料中钨丝的排布方式、体积分数、直径,环境温度,应变率等因素都能对钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的性能产生影响;随着计算机技术的发展,钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的有限元仿真计算已经从等效模型发展到准细观建模,能够模拟其动静态压缩过程、侵彻过程,仿真结果和试验结果基本吻合;在应用方面,试验研究验证了钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料弹芯在侵彻过程中的"自锐"性能。文章概述了钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料在上述领域的研究进展并展望了该材料的发展方向。     

ZnCl2-assisted Synthesis of ZnSe Polycrystal

A chemical-assisted element direct-reaction method is developed to synthesize ZnSe compound semiconductor material at a relatively low temperature (～1000 C). ZnSe polycrystal was obtained in the closed-tube systems with Zn-Se, Zn-Se-Zn(NH3)2Cl2, Zn-Se-NH4Cl and Zn-Se-ZnCl2. The as-synthesized samples were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and analyzed by thermodynamic numerical method. The results demonstrate that the synthesis efficiency is higher than 99.96% for Zn-Se-ZnCl2 system at around 1000 C for 3 weeks. It also exhibits that not only temperature, but also low apparent ratio of volume and surface area of the source materials and higher ZnCl2 content are required to achieve high synthesis efficiency. A SeCl transporting reaction synthesis process is proposed based on the thermodynamic analysis.     

聚氨酯/碳纳米纤维复合材料的结构和抗凝血性能

分别采用溶液共混和熔融共混的方法制备出聚氯酯／碳纳米纤维复合材料，研究了碳纳米纤维对聚氯酯的热行为和表面微观化学组成的影响，并观察和测定了血小板在复合材料表面的粘附以及血液中血红蛋白浓度、纤维蛋白原浓度的变化，分析了碳纳米纤维对聚氯酯血液相容性的影响．结果表明，引入碳纳米纤维后，聚氯酯复合材料的表面氧含量有不同程度的提高，玻璃化转变温度及熔融温度都发生了改变；血小板在复合材料表面的粘附受到明显的抑制；经血泵循环4h后，在与聚氯酯复合材料表面接触的血液中，血红蛋白和纤维蛋白原浓度的变化相对减小；复合材料的血液相容性提高．     

不同环境下宽径比对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料开孔层压板压缩失效的影响

复合材料结构强度的参数影响研究是结构设计的必要内容,然而还缺乏在不同湿热环境条件下结构尺寸对其强度的影响研究。采用数值和试验方法研究了宽径比（W/D）对不同湿度、温度时T800/X850碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料（CF/EP）开孔层压板压缩强度的影响。设计了参数影响研究试件,通过试验获得了不同湿热条件下的开孔层压板压缩失效结果;并利用现有的考虑湿热影响的复合材料渐进损伤方法,建立了湿热及几何参数影响的渐进损伤模型,通过将预测结果与试验结果对比验证了模型正确性。进一步结合试验和数值分析,揭示了不同湿热条件下几何参数的影响规律。研究表明:湿热环境对T800/X850 CF/EP开孔板的压缩失效载荷影响显著,相比于室温干态（RTD）,室温湿态（RTW）和高温湿态（ETW）压缩失效载荷分别下降了7.75%和14.68%; RTW和RTD失效形式接近,ETW失效形式不同且失效面积更大; RTW和RTD时压缩失效强度随W/D的增大而增大,增大速度相似,ETW增大速度比前两者慢。      

热电材料研究的最新进展

热电材料是一种能将电能与热能相互转换的功能材料,近年来备受关注.从块体热电材料、低维热电材料、热电器件及其应用等方面综述了热电材料研究的最新进展,并展望了今后的发展方向.     

Synthesis of Uniquely Structured Yolk–Shell Metal Oxide Microspheres Filled with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphitic Carbon with Excellent Li–Ion Storage Performance

Novel structured composite microspheres of metal oxide and nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon (NGC) have been developed as efficient anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. A new strategy is first applied to a one‐pot preparation of composite (FeO_x‐NGC/Y) microspheres via spray pyrolysis. The FeO_x‐NGC/Y composite microspheres have a yolk–shell structure based on the iron oxide material. The void space of the yolk–shell microsphere is filled with NGC. Dicyandiamide additive plays a key role in the formation of the FeO_x‐NGC/Y composite microspheres by inducing Ostwald ripening to form a yolk–shell structure based on the iron oxide material. The FeO_x‐NGC/Y composite microspheres with the mixed crystal structure of rock salt FeO and spinel Fe₃O₄ phases show highly superior lithium‐ion storage performances compared to the dense‐structured FeO_x microspheres with and without carbon material. The discharge capacities of the FeO_x‐NGC/Y microspheres for the 1st and 1000th cycle at 1 A g^?1 are 1423 and 1071 mAh g^?1, respectively. The microspheres have a reversible discharge capacity of 598 mAh g^?1 at an extremely high current density of 10 A g^?1. Furthermore, the strategy described in this study is generally applied to multicomponent metal oxide–carbon composite microspheres with yolk–shell structures based on metal oxide materials.     

低温等离子体对高聚物材料表面改性处理时效性的研究进展

低温等离子技术是一种近年来飞速发展的材料表面改性技术,它在不影响材料基体性能的前提下能改善材料表面的物理化学性质.但等离子对材料改性的效果并不稳定,随着时间的推移部分效果会失去,这种现象称为等离子处理的时效性.介绍了在这方面的最新研究进展,归纳了影响时效性的各种因素以及对该现象的研究方法和表征手段.     

[BMIM]Cl离子液体中壳聚糖/纤维素纤维的制备及性能

以[BMIM]Cl离子液体为溶剂,在可控的条件下,将棉纤维与壳聚糖进行共混,采用湿法成型技术,制备了不同质量比的壳聚糖/纤维素纤维复合材料.并通过力学测试、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其结构、性能进行了分析.结果表明,随着壳聚糖加入量的增加,纤维的取向度和结晶度下降,纤维的断裂强度下降,复合纤维表...