Polyester composite based on betelnut fibre for tribological applications

A polyester composite based on betelnut fibres was fabricated and its adhesive wear and frictional performance studied using a block on disk machine at different applied loads and sliding distances at 2.8 m/s sliding velocity under dry/wet contact conditions. SEM was used to study worn surface morphology. The results revealed that betelnut fibre reinforced polyester (BFRP) composite had better wear and frictional performance under wet contact condition compared to dry. The wear mechanism of the BFRP composite was predominated by micro and macro-cracks in the polyester regions and debonding of fibres.     

Structural Orientation and Anisotropy in Biological Materials: Functional Designs and Mechanics

Biological materials exhibit anisotropic characteristics because of the anisometric nature of their constituents and their preferred alignment within interfacial matrices. The regulation of structural orientations is the basis for material designs in nature and may offer inspiration for man‐made materials. Here, how structural orientation and anisotropy are designed into biological materials to achieve diverse functionalities is revisited. The orientation dependencies of differing mechanical properties are introduced based on a 2D composite model with wood and bone as examples; as such, anisotropic architectures and their roles in property optimization in biological systems are elucidated. Biological structural orientations are designed to achieve extrinsic toughening via complicated cracking paths, robust and releasable adhesion from anisotropic contact, programmable dynamic response by controlled expansion, enhanced contact damage resistance from varying orientations, and simultaneous optimization of multiple properties by adaptive structural reorientation. The underlying mechanics and material‐design principles that could be reproduced in man‐made systems are highlighted. Finally, the potential and challenges in developing a better understanding to implement such natural designs of structural orientation and anisotropy are discussed in light of current advances. The translation of these biological design principles can promote the creation of new synthetic materials with unprecedented properties and functionalities.     

激光熔注法制备WC颗粒增强金属基复合材料层

采用激光熔注(LMI)技术在Q235钢表面制备WC颗粒增强的金属基复合材料(MMC)层。在激光熔注工艺特性和熔注层宏观特征分析的基础上,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对激光熔注层微观组织结构进行了分析。结果表明,WC颗粒注入到熔池的整个深度和宽度范围内,并且在熔注层中的分布比较均匀。WC颗粒的加入改变了熔池的化学成分,熔注层中出现了新相Fe3W3C。在熔注层上部存在较多Fe3W3C枝晶和少量枝晶间共晶,在熔注层下部枝晶数量减少,共晶数量明显增多。激光熔注层中不同WC颗粒周围反应层的尺寸和形貌存在很大差别。WC颗粒注入位置是决定反应层尺寸的重要因素。     

1-3型水泥基压电复合材料在冲击载荷下的电学响应

采用切割-浇注法制备1-3型水泥基压电复合材料,并利用分离式霍普金森压杆测量装置(SHPB),对PZT5压电陶瓷和1-3型水泥基压电复合材料在冲击载荷作用下的力电响应进行实验研究与分析。研究表明:在冲击载荷作用下,PZT5压电陶瓷和1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的电位移与应力具有较好的动态响应;在相同荷载作用下,两者的电位移随应变率的增加而增加,且产生相同应变所对应的应力值也随着应变率的增加而增加,表现出"率相关"的材料特征。     

Effect of the polymer matrices on the dielectric behavior of a percolative high-k polymer composite for embedded capacitor applications

High dielectric constant (high-k) polymer composites are of great interest for embedded capacitor applications. Previously, we demonstrated that epoxy—aluminum composites are promising for embedded capacitor applications, because they have a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss due to the core—shell structure of the self-passivated aluminum particles. In this work, to further understand the dielectric behavior of aluminum composites, lower-loss polymers such as silicone, polyimide, polynorbornene, and benzocyclobutene were explored as matrices for the aluminum composites. It is found that the polymer matrices can significantly change the dielectric properties of the aluminum composites. A polymer matrix with a lower dielectric constant generally results in a lower dielectric constant of its aluminum composites. In this regard, polymer—aluminum composites have a similar dielectric characteristic as polymer—ceramic composites. Thermomechanical properties of aluminum composites were characterized by a thermomechanical analyzer.     

热循环对SiCp/Al复合材料性能影响的研究

SiCp/Al复合材料具有可调的热膨胀系数(CTE)、高热导率、低密度和良好的尺寸稳定性等优异性能,广泛应用于航空航天、军用电子等封装领域,由于SiCp/Al复合材料制成的组件工作环境较为苛刻,温度变化对其影响值得探讨。文章研究了热循环对SiCp/Al复合材料的CTE、热导率和弯曲强度的影响,并对其热膨胀行为作了分析。实验结果表明,热循环能有效降低SiCp/Al中的热残余应力,其热性能比铸态明显改善,弯曲强度有所降低;在低温阶段,经退火处理和退火处理+热循环处理后SiCp/Al的CTE基本重合,在高温阶段,经退火处理+热循环处理后的SiCp/Al具有更低的CTE。     

Flexible Piezoelectric Touch Sensor by Alignment of Lead‐Free Alkaline Niobate Microcubes in PDMS

A highly sensitive, lead‐free, and flexible piezoelectric touch sensor is reported based on composite films of alkaline niobate K_0.485Na_0.485Li_0.03NbO₃ (KNLN) powders aligned in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. KNLN powder is fabricated by solid‐state sintering and consists of microcubes. The particles are dispersed in uncured PDMS and oriented by application of an oscillating dielectrophoretic alignment field. The dielectric constant of the composite film is almost independent of the microstructure, while upon alignment the piezoelectric charge coefficient increases more than tenfold up to 17 pC N^?1. A quantitative analysis shows that the origin is a reduction of the interparticle distance to under 1.0 µm in the aligned bicontinuous KNLN chains. The temperature stable piezoelectric voltage coefficient exhibits a maximum value of 220 mV m N^?1, at a volume fraction of only 10%. This state‐of‐the‐art value outperforms bulk piezoelectric ceramics and composites with randomly dispersed particles, and is comparable to the values reported for the piezoelectric polymers polyvinylidenefluoride and its random copolymer with trifluoroethylene. Optimized composite films are incorporated in flexible piezoelectric touch sensors. The high sensitivity is analyzed and discussed. As the fabrication technology is straightforward and easy to implement, applications are foreseen in flexible electronics such as wireless sensor networks and biodiagnostics.     

水泥基压电复合材料的制备及极化工艺研究

采用压制成型法，首次以快硬早强的硫铝酸盐水泥为基体制备了水泥基压电复合材料。详细阐述了水泥基压电复合材料的制备过程；通过实验确定了适宜的极化条件，分析讨论了极化过程中出现漏电流的原因，并提出了一些初步的解决途径。结果表明，对硫铝酸盐水泥基压电复合材料来说，适宜的极化工艺参数：极化电场强度为4kV／mm，极化时间为45min，极化温度应低于130℃。     

MoS3/Al2O3复合材料的合成及其用于制备加氢催化剂的研究

采用液相反应沉积法合成MoS3/Al2O3复合材料,考察了不同反应温度、反应物浓度、反应时间、体系pH值及不同类型分散剂对MoS3在γ Al2O3载体表面沉积量的影响,并采用MoS3/Al2O3复合材料为助剂Co的第2载体制备了CoMo硫化态加氢脱硫催化剂;采用XRF、XRD、XPS、TEM、BET等分析手段对MoS3/Al2O3复合材料及CoMo硫化态和氧化态催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,采用乙醇为分散剂,钼酸钠摩尔浓度为01~1 mol/L、在反应温度85~120℃、体系pH值1~2、反应8~24 h条件下,可以合成MoS3沉积量为628%~868%（以MoO3质量分数计）的MoS3/Al2O3复合材料;与常规氧化态催化剂相比,所制备的CoMo硫化态催化剂具有更高的加氢脱硫活性。     

Oxidative desulfurization using graphene and its composites for fuel containing thiophene and its derivatives: An update review

Oxidative desulfurization, in which the aromatic sulfur containing compounds are oxidized to their analogical sulfones and subsequently extracted, has assured to be one of the exceedingly effective desulfurization processes for resulting ultra-low sulfur import fuels. The oxidative desulfurization process using graphene oxide has attracted significant interest for sulfur removal from fuels. In this survey, we discussed systematically the techniques of desulfurizations in catalytic oxidation, including the role of graphene as a supported catalyst, the research results of oxidative desulfurization using graphene oxide and provided the factors affecting the desulfurization process. We also debate the challenges counterattack the use of graphene oxide in this view, including their preparation methods and their efficiency and stability as a supported catalyst. Also, there are some of the desulfurization processes currently under investigation such as oxidation, biodesulfurization, and adsorption was outlined in brief. The combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds emits some of the sulfur oxides which considered a harmful influence on human health and the surrounding environment as well as the economy. It can be concluded that GO remains a kind of ideal supported catalysts to recognize a pure fuel in the near futurity due to their eligible physicochemical characteristics.