声参数的高性能混凝土强度推定模型

为研究高性能混凝土的声波传播特性及实现其强度的快速、准确、无损检测,基于超声波检测方法,应用嫩江、多宝山附近的沙石料,对高性能混凝土对声波的扩散性及其抗压性能与声参量之间的模型关系进行了研究.建立了高性能混凝土抗压强度与声速之间的多种数学模型.通过实测检测数据进行验证,满足精度要求.高性能混凝土的非均质性降低,其抗压强度与声速相关性较好,用超声的方法完全可以实现强度的快速推定.同时,也为将来高性能混凝土地区强度推定曲线的建立奠定了研究基础.     

A macro-meso constitutive law for concrete having imperfect interface and nonlinear matrix

The overall behavior of concrete depends on its meso structures such as aggregate shape, interface status, and mortar matrix property. The two key meso structure characters of concrete, bond status of interface and nonlinear property of matrix, are considered in focus. The variational structure principle is adopted to establish the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete. Specially, a linear reference composite material is selected to make its effective behavior approach the nonlinear overall behavior of concrete. And the overall property of linear reference composite can be estimated by classical estimation method such as self-consistent estimates method and Mori-Tanaka method. This variational structure method involves an optimum problem ultimately. Finally, the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete is established by optimizing the shear modulus of matrix of the linear reference composite. By analyzing the constitutive relation of concrete established, we find that the brittleness of concrete stems from the imperfect interface and the shear dilation property of concrete comes from the micro holes contained in concrete. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679022, 90510017, 50539090) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714104)     

Experimental study on temperature stress calculation and temperature control optimization of concrete based on early age parameters

Temperature control curve is the key to achieving temperature control and crack prevention of high concrete dam during construction,and its rationality depends on the accurate measurement of temperature stress.With the simulation testing machine for the temperature stress,in the present study,we carried out the deformation process tests of concrete under three temperature curves：convex,straight and concave.Besides,we not only measured the early-age elastic modulus,creep parameters and stress process,but also proposed the preferred type.The results show that at early age,higher temperature always leads to greater elastic modulus and smaller creep.However,the traditional indoor experiments have underestimated the elastic modulus and creep development at early age,which makes the calculated value of temperature stress too small,thus increasing the cracking risk.In this study,the stress values of the three curves calculated based on the strain and early-age parameters are in good agreement with the temperature stress measured by the temperature stress testing machine,which verifies the method accuracy.When the temperature changes along the concave curve,the law of stress development is in consistent with that of strength.Under this condition,the stress fluctuation is small and the crack prevention safety of the concave type is higher,so the concave type is better.The test results provide a reliable basis and support for temperature control curve design and optimization of concrete dams.     

大内跨小边跨框架结构预应力筋优化布置方法

预应力筋的优化布置是大内跨小边跨的多跨预应力混凝土框架结构合理设计计算的关键.为满足控制截面承载力最大的需要,以往常将大跨所需预应力筋布置为连续曲线,并按水平直线延伸通过其相邻的两小跨,按这种布置方式仅使大跨内产生竖向向上的预应力等效荷载,可较好平衡大跨的竖向外荷载;而若将大跨及相邻的两小跨统一考虑,预应力筋按连续曲线布置,张拉产生的预应力等效荷载不但可有效平衡大跨的竖向外荷载而且也可平衡小跨的竖向外荷载,可以使荷载平衡得到优化实现.以一典型工程为例,分析了在相同条件下两种预应力筋布置过程中张拉引起的综合弯矩、主弯矩和次弯矩的分布和量值上差异,比较了两类布筋形式对正截面承载力计算结果的影响,验证了对大内跨小边跨框架结构统一考虑后整体上按三段连续正反抛物线预应力筋布置的合理性.     

Evaluation research on applicability of rapid iodide migration test

The applicability of the rapid iodide migration test was systematically studied. Comparative experimental tests of different test conditions, including several external voltages, test durations, concrete ages and mixing proportions, were carried out to make clear the transport behaviors of iodide under parallel electric fields. Numerical simulations were also done using the finite element method to found the correlation between chloride and iodide transport behaviors. The test and numerical results show that the chloride transport behaviors of RIM and RCM tests have a good correlation under the several conditions used in the present paper. Moreover, the influence of external conditions （external voltages, test durations） on the test results is small. Thus, it can be concluded that the RIM method is available to determine the chloride penetration resistance of the chloride-eroded structural concrete.     

混凝土尿素池的腐蚀及防腐蚀措施

本文对混凝土尿素池的腐蚀原因、规律及影响因素进行了阐述，提出了混凝土尿素池的腐蚀及防腐蚀措施，延长了设备的寿命，保证了尿素生产的正常运转。     

基于“投资-效益”准则的RC桥墩全寿命总费用

基于性能的抗震设计于20世纪90年代兴起以来,目前在土木建筑方面的文献较多,但是关于桥梁的研究成果较少。采用五级钢筋混凝土桥墩结构性能水平,以钢筋混凝土桥墩墩顶位移角为量化指标,建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩性能水平与钢筋混凝土桥墩位移角限值之间一一对应的关系。将地震危险性分析与最优设防烈度结合起来,建立基于投资-效益准则的RC桥墩全寿命总造价计算的通用框架。     

层状淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响分析

本文研究了不同厚度淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响以及一定厚度层状淤沙的不同分布形式对混凝土重力坝的地震响应的影响。基于饱和多孔液固两相介质的压力波动方程,设层状淤沙各层厚度不同,将层状淤沙分为三种不同分布形式,在每种分布形式每层的物理参数相同和物理参数不同两种情况下,确定了淤沙对混凝土重力坝地震响应的影响大小。通过算例分析表明,相同物理性质不同的分布形式对地震响应的影响不显著,而不同的分布形式对坝体的地震响应影响较大。     

复杂地质高陡边坡锚索施工实践及若干技术控制标准的探讨

以雅砻江锦屏一级水电站大坝左岸550 m级高陡边坡预应力锚固工程为研究对象,在复杂工程地质条件下进行了超长、高承载力锚索施工实践,就锚索造孔技术、束体安装工艺、注(灌)浆技术、张拉工艺等方面进行研究与总结.然后,对监测资料进行分析评价,形成了一套复杂地质条件下高陡边坡锚索施工的技术与方法.文中还结合水电行业锚固施工规范、锚喷支护国标中的技术控制标准,对施工中存在的技术问题进行探讨,可为同类型高边坡锚固工程施工提供参考和借鉴.     

统计过程控制(SPC)在龙滩水电站混凝土生产质量控制中的应用

混凝土生产工艺流程复杂,控制工序多,生产过程除易受系统因素影响外,还受随机因素的干扰较大,生产质量不易控制,本文应用统计过程控制(SPC)在龙滩水电站混凝土生产中的质量控制实践来谈点初浅的认识.