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41.
Shiqiang Hui Justin RollerSing Yick Xinge ZhangCyrille Decès-Petit Yongsong XieRadenka Maric Dave Ghosh 《Journal of power sources》2007
The advantages of lowering the operation temperature of SOFCs have attracted great interest worldwide. One of the major barriers to decreasing the operation temperature is the ohmic loss of the electrolyte. Maximizing the electrolyte ionic conductivity is of significant importance, especially in the absence of new electrolyte materials. The ionic conductivity of electrolytes can be influenced by many parameters. There has been an enormous effort in the literature for the improvement of the electrolyte ionic conductivity. From a practical point of view, this paper reviews various approaches to enhancing the ionic conductivity of polycrystalline zirconia- and ceria-based oxide electrolytes in the light of composition, microstructure, and processing. Suggestions are given for future work. 相似文献
42.
复相陶瓷导电性与其粒径级配的关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对无序渗流模型的修正,建立了具有不同特征尺寸的两相无序体系的导电模型,推导了相关关系式,将其结果与相复合导电陶瓷的实验结果进行了比较,结论相当一致。由此揭示了陶瓷生料的两相粒径分布对复合导电陶瓷导电性的影响。 相似文献
43.
文中简述了卤化银(主要是溴化银)单晶片的某些特性,氯化银单晶片与此大致相似。作为低温晶体探测器,对~(241)Am-α放射源,分辨率为17%。卤化银晶片是固体电解质,只有Ag离子对输出电信号有贡献,有显著的极化现象。在液氮槽内溴化银晶片的电导率在几个数量级内成为可控的,由在室温下外加偏置电压大小所引起的分解状态下的初始电流决定。 相似文献
44.
超声波辅助合成离子液体及其性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以超声波辅助法合成了离子液体1丁-基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐([BM Im]BF4),对产物进行了光谱分析、电导率和粘度测定,并考察了其酯化反应的催化性能.实验结果表明:该合成方法具有合成条件简单、反应时间短、能耗低、易纯化等优点.[BM Im]BF4在甲醇中的最大紫外吸收波长为213 nm,IR图谱与文献报道吻合;分别以丙酮、无水乙醇和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,测得[BM Im]BF4的极限摩尔电导率分别为237.94 S·cm2·mol -1、47.22 S·cm2·mol-1和1.5411 S·cm2·mol-1. 相似文献
45.
Thermal conductivity, viscosity, and self-diffusion coefficient data for liquid n-alkanes are satisfactorily correlated simultaneously by a method based on the hard-sphere theory of transport properties. Universal curves are developed for the reduced transport properties
*,
*, and D
* as a function of the reduced volume. A consistent set of equations is derived for the characteristic volume and for the parameters R
, R
, and R
D, introduced to account for the nonsphericity and roughness of the molecules. The temperature range of the above scheme extends from 110 to 370 K, and the pressure range up to 650 MPa. 相似文献
46.
Measurements of the thermal conductivities of the frozen layer of aqueous binary solutions have been performed using the transient hot-wire method. Solutions of ethylene glycol and sodium chloride were utilized as the testing fluids, and they were frozen up in the test section in which the platinum wires 40 m in diameter and 170 mm in length were strung. Measurements were carried out under equilibrium at a variety of both the initial concentration of the solution and the temperature of the frozen layer. The expressions of the thermal conductivity of the frozen layer were determined. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the dendritic ice layer was favorably assessed with the Lichteneker's model by introducing the solid fraction under an assumption of the equililbrium within the range of parameters examined.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A. 相似文献
47.
J. C. G. Calado J. M. N. A. Fareleira U. V. Mardolcar C. A. Nieto de Castro 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1988,9(3):351-363
The thermal conductivity of liquids has been shown in the past to be difficult to predict with a reasonable accuracy, due to the lack of accurate experimental data and reliable prediction schemes. However, data of a high accuracy, and covering wide density ranges, obtained recently in laboratories in Boulder, Lisbon, and London with the transient hot-wire technique, can be used to revise an existing correlation scheme and to develop a new universal predictive technique for the thermal conductivity of liquid normal alkanes. The proposed correlation scheme is constructed on a theoretically based treatment of the van der Waals model of a liquid, which permits the prediction of the density dependence and the thermal conductivity of liquid n-alkanes, methane to tridecane, for temperatures between 110 and 370 K and pressures up to 0.6 MPa, i.e., for 0.3T/T
c0.7 and 2.4P/P
c3.7, with an accuracy of ±1%, given a known value of the thermal conductivity of the fluid at the desired temperature. A generalization of the hard-core volumes obtained, as a function of the number of carbon atoms, showed that it was possible to predict the thermal conductivity of pentane to tetradecane±2%, without the necessity of available experimental measurements. 相似文献
48.
M. J. Assael J. H. Dymond M. Papadaki P. M. Patterson 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1992,13(2):269-281
Recent accurate measurements of the self-diffusion coefficient for n-hexadecane and n-octane and of the viscosity coefficient for n-heptane, n-nonane, and n-undecane over wide pressure ranges have been used to provide a critical test of a previously described method, based on consideration of hard-sphere theory, for the correlation of transport coefficient data. It is found that changes are required to the universal curve for the reduced viscosity coefficient as a function of reduced volume and, also, to the parameters R
D, R
, and R
which were introduced to account for effects of nonspherical molecular shape. The scheme now accounts most satisfactorily for the self-diffusion, viscosity, and thermal conductivity coefficient data for all n-alkanes from methane to hexadecane at densities greater than the critical density. 相似文献
49.
Thermophysical properties of molten semiconductors are reviewed. Published data for viscosity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, and other properties are presented. Several measurement methods often used for molten semiconductors are described. Recommended values of thermophysical properties are tabulated for Si, Ge, GaAs, InP, InSb, GaSb, and other compounds. This review shows that further measurements of thermophysical properties of GaAs and InP in the molten state are required. It is also indicated that a very limited amount of data on emissivity is available. Space experiments relating to thermophysical property measurements are described briefly.Nomenclature
Density
-
C
p
Specific heat
-
Kinematic viscosity
-
Dynamic viscosity=
-
Thermal diffusivity
-
Thermal conductivity=Cp
-
Volumetric thermal expansion coefficient
-
Surface tension
-
d/dT
Temperature coefficient of surface tension
-
g
Gravitational acceleration
-
T
Temperature
-
T
Temperature difference
-
L
Characteristic dimension 相似文献
50.
K. Balcerek Cz. Marucha J. Rafałowicz R. Wawryk 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1992,13(6):1085-1096
A universal curve relating the maximum of thermal conductivity and its respective temperature with the residual electrical resistivity has been proposed for metals and dilute alloys. Based on the equation of that curve, a comparative analysis of selected literature data of thermal conductivity of metals, which have residual electrical resistivity in the range 10–11<0<10–5. cm, have been performed. Using the data for 33 metals, confirmation of the Wiedemann-Franz law for the impurity component/T of thermal conductivity was obtained, which means that th/el1, where
th and
el are the parameters of the electron-lattice defect interaction obtained from measurements of thermal and electrical conductivity, respectively. Examples of the failure of the Wiedemann-Franz law are also presented, exhibiting the values of
th/el in the range 0.16 to 25. Measurements of thermal conductivity in the range 2 to 20 K and determination of the residual electrical resistivity for the samples of Cd doped with Zn and quenched were performed, resulting in values
th/el1. 相似文献