基于区块链的大用户直购交易模式研究

大用户直购电是电力市场改革的重要一环,而随着可再生能源的发展导致供给端呈现出去中心化趋势。区块链作为新兴的分布式数据库技术,在当前能源互联网的建设背景下有着很好的应用前景。文章首先详细介绍了区块链技术的原理,分析了其在电力交易上的应用价值。从传统直购交易模式出发提出了一种大用户直购电链路框架。结合直购电交易特点对分布式共识机制进行研究改进,结合交易流程对智能合约进行了功能设计,并从整体系统架构上分析了各个层级的通信协议及交互关系。最后在实验室环境下分析了该系统在实际应用中的表现,并为后续研究提供了思路。     

大用户直购电对系统风电消纳的影响

大用户直购电政策的推行,会进一步压缩电力系统的调度空间,而当系统中接入大规模不可调控的风电机组时,系统的优化调度将面临更加严峻的挑战。为了分析大用户直购电对系统风电消纳能力的影响,建立了含大用户直购电的电力系统风电消纳模型。该模型在传统机组组合模型的基础上,引入了风电出力约束和可削减的直购电电量合同约束,并对目标函数进行了相应的调整。使用ARIMA模型对风速时间序列进行建模和预测,为机组组合模型提供原始数据。将10机系统扩展为40机系统,并引入1 600 MW的风电机组,分析了不同直购电电价、直购机组以及直购电规模下直购电合同对系统消纳风电能力的影响。     

Real-Time Differential Pricing Scheme for Active Consumers with Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs. However, the anticipated increase in EV usage presents opportunities as well as challenges for utilities. This paper models EV charging behavior of active consumers who strategize their EV charging schedule to minimize the charging cost. The electric utility employs a temporal and spatially varying real-time pricing scheme that minimizes peak-to-average load ratio by influencing charging behavior of multiple active consumers. These active consumers decide their optimal charging strategy based on real-time electricity prices in order to minimize their EV charging cost. A model predictive control (MPC)-based optimal pricing scheme for electric utility and optimal charging strategy for active consumers is proposed. Effects of the proposed approach on load profile is verified using simulations.     

Clinical Web pages: Do they meet expectations?

Many practitioners struggle with how best to use Internet technology to market and support their practice. Unfortunately, the empirical literature offers little guidance. This study compared existing mental health clinicians' Web sites to content areas identified as essential and ideal by mental health professionals and prospective consumers. The findings reveal that prospective consumers place a high value on what clinical Web pages may offer, more so than even clinicians themselves. In comparison to clinicians, consumers also have higher expectations for the content of these sites. Only a minority of surveyed clinician Web sites included all of the content endorsed by participants. Results should guide mental health clinicians in the development of their Web pages so that content provided meets consumers' needs and expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电力大用户跨省区直购电交易模式研究

在研究大用户直购电和跨省区电力交易方式的基础上给出了电力大用户跨省区直购电的概念,结合电力大用户跨省区直购电的特点,对传统的集中竞价交易模式进行改进,提出一种适用于电力大用户跨省区直购电的改进集中竞价交易模式,其改进部分主要是输电费用、线路损耗和其他费用在内的交易成本处理。以售电方和购电方的集中竞价过程为例进行算例分析,结果表明,该交易模式消除了交易成本对社会效益的影响,使得竞价结果更为准确、公平。     

基于消费者偏好的水果追溯信息共享策略调查研究

目的调查研究食品企业对广大消费者偏好的食品追溯信息,为我国的食品追溯信息共享体系建设提供策略支持。方法运用问卷调查法、主成分和聚类分析法对消费者对水果供应链各环节的追溯信息偏好情况进行研究,分析消费者在此类信息上的偏好差异。结果广大消费者比较偏好的追溯信息是关乎水果质量的认证标示、检测报告、种植基地水质、包装日期、收获季节以及农药使用等6类最重要关键性信息,而对基础性信息偏好较低。结论企业对消费者共享关注度较高的追溯信息,可以提升其对追溯食品的支付意愿。     

Acceptance and willingness to pay for health-enhancing bakery products – Empirical evidence for young urban Russian consumers

Our study provides first empirical evidence on young Russian consumers’ attitudes towards novel functional bakery products. We employ two different bakery products, namely bread rolls and biscuits, in our experimental auctions. Both products are derived from purple wheat, an old wheat variety that is naturally rich in anthocyanins (ACNs). ACNs are assumed to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and ocular-health-enhancing properties. Participants are 207 students aged 18–30 years from Moscow and Irkutsk. Our results indicate a low level of knowledge about ACNs among participants. However, our results also show that in the presence of information about the health-enhancing characteristics most participants value these products over base products. Our findings also reinforce the idea that the base product matters. Purple wheat bread rolls were better accepted than purple wheat biscuits. Moreover, our results also highlight that the information strategy matters. Participants in our study exhibited a higher willingness to pay for purple wheat biscuits under an old variety information scenario in comparison to an anthocyanin information scenario. Moreover, while our results indicate no significant difference in the perception of the anthocyanin attribute between the two cities, the perception of old grain variety products was slightly different. The share of respondents considering old variety products as healthy was significantly higher in Irkutsk, whereas the share of respondents considering these products as exclusive was significantly higher in Moscow. Thus, while planning future marketing strategies such differences in underlying motives should be taken into account.     

Tropane alkaloid contamination of agricultural commodities and food products in relation to consumer health: Learnings from the 2019 Uganda food aid outbreak

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are secondary plant metabolites derived mainly from Solanaceae plant families, with the most virulent invasive species being Datura stramonium. Datura stramonium commonly grows in cereal fields and produce TAs (e.g., hyoscyamine and scopolamine) which may accidentally contaminate cereals (and cereal-based foods) at occasionally high levels. Dietary exposure to TAs can be toxic and depending on the dose ingested can cause outcomes ranging from anticholinergic effects to acute poisoning and death. In 2019, 315 adults became ill and another five adults died in Uganda following consumption of a “Super Cereal” (a fortified blended food) that was later confirmed to be contaminated by TAs—a scenario which provoked this holistic review on TAs in foodstuffs. Thus, this article provides information on the history, development, occurrences, exposures, and human legislative and health benchmarks for TAs. It describes control strategies for reducing TA contamination of agricultural commodities and resultant health implications following consumption of TA contaminated foodstuffs. Adequate application of food safety control measures (including maximum limits) and good practices, from the start of cereal cultivation through to the final stages of manufacturing of food products can aid in the reduction of seeing toxic plants including D. stramonium in cereal fields.     

Pricing and production decisions in a closed-loop supply chain considering strategic consumers and technology licensing

This paper considers a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a third party in which the manufacturer licenses the third party to undertake remanufacturing activities in the presence of strategic consumers. We analyse the impacts of strategic consumer behaviour and the third-party remanufacturing cost on three kinds of remanufacturing scenarios, namely no-remanufacturing, partial-remanufacturing and full-remanufacturing. We adopt a Stackelberg game to obtain the equilibrium strategies of each remanufacturing model and show that the demand of new products decreases and the demand of remanufactured products increases as consumers become more strategic. Considering the manufacturer’s profit decrease due to strategic consumer behaviour, the manufacturer suffers a smaller profit loss when he licenses the third party to remanufacture because he can charge a higher licensing fee from the third party to share remanufacturing revenues. Moreover, the manufacturer prefers the third-party remanufacturing mode rather than the manufacturer–remanufacturing mode if the third-party remanufacturing cost is relatively low and remanufacturing can always bring a profit increase to both the manufacturer and the third party.     

The role of aesthetic,cultural, utilitarian and branding factors in young Chinese consumers' repurchase intention of smartphone brands

Despite the exponential growth of smartphone consumption, to date, very few studies have investigated the factors that influence consumers' repurchase intention of smartphone brands. China has become the world's largest consumer markets for smartphones, therefore understanding young Chinese consumers' repurchase intention in the smartphone market is of crucial importance to smartphone companies. A preliminary qualitative study based on 30 face-to-face interviews has led to the development of a new conceptual framework including aesthetic (design appeal), functional (perceived quality), brand value (brand popularity), social (subjective norm) and cultural influences (mianzi). The newly developed framework has been tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling with a sample of 321 young Chinese smartphone users. The results show that young Chinese customer's smartphone repurchase intention is mainly determined by mianzi, perceived quality, brand popularity, and design appeal. Furthermore, findings also highlight that subjective norm, perceived quality and design appeal affect Chinese people's mianzi.