核事故释出~(131)I对羊的污染研究

本文采用放射化学分析法,研究了苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故释出的~(151)I对新疆地区羊胃内容物、血、肌肉和甲状腺的污染规律。结果表明:事故后24天羊甲状腺~(151)I达到最大污染水平,其后按指数规律下降。~(151)I在羊甲状腺、血、肌肉和胃内容物中的有效半排期分别为:7.2、6.7、6.7和5.1天。羊胃内容物、血、肌肉和甲状腺中~(151)I的比活度之间呈直线正相关。 在~(151)I污染期间,用库存饲料圈养的羊的甲状腺中~(151)I比活度仅为野外放牧羊的1.7±0.7％。由羊甲状腺污染水平估算出此次事故~(151)I对新疆地区和乌鲁木齐成年人的待积有效剂量当量分别为3.8μSv和14.0μSv,不会对居民健康产生明显不良影响。     

Image analysis study of the perimysial connective network,and its relationship with tenderness and composition of bovine meat

Image processing method was developed to predict beef tenderness, collagen and lipids contents. The study was carried out on the semimembranosus muscle (SM). Images of SM slices were acquired under visible and ultraviolet lighting. In this work statistical technique was implemented as a method to relate the distribution of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT), characterized by image analysis, to sensory tenderness evaluated by a trained panel and collagen and total lipids contents assessed chemically. Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) combining visible and ultraviolet lighting, IMCT image parameters were found to be good predictors of beef tenderness (R² = 0.89), collagen and lipids contents (respectively R² = 0.82 and R² = 0.91).     

控制性详细规划编制的分层及其他构架性建议

通过对控规案例的分析,总结了控规在分层控制、内容形式与构成、方法创新方面的特点,提出在工作内容、工作方法与工作成果上要抓住适应性、公平性、核心性与科学性几个侧重点进行创新的构架。在此基础上就分层控制提出建议,控规由街坊层面与地块层面构成,并提出编制时通过街坊层面与地块层面的结合来解决近远期控规深度的差异问题,同时满足控规调整修编的需要。     

论传媒"逆反"的消解

传媒中的"逆反",即种种"逆反心理"能否消解,直接影响受众的心理平衡和信息接受.如何能消解"逆反",实现最积极有效的信息传播,是当前媒介研究关注的热点.文中从引导者形象到引导内容、情境以及对象等特征的诸多方面对传媒"逆反"进行了解析、探求,并结合电视媒体"以人为本"的传播特色,提出了开拓电视新闻主持人的个性化传播;挖掘新闻意义,实现意见汇聚;凸显电视媒体的现代气质;以及人性化的意见沟通与互动式的交流魅力等一系列关于电视新闻传播的启示,为当前电视新闻的消解"逆反"、有效传播提供一个崭新的视角.     

Preparation and characterization of a protein hydrolysate from an oilseed flour mixture

A novel protein hydrolysate was prepared from the mixture of oilseed flours (soybean, sesame and peanut) and determined physicochemical & functional properties along with comparison of individual oilseed flour hydrolysate of soybean. Mixed flour obtained from oilseed flours viz. soybean, sesame and peanut by using calculated amounts in the ratio of 1.1:1.7:0.7, respectively was used as a starting raw material having balanced amino acid profile. Protein hydrolysates were prepared from mixed flour and soybean flour by a double enzyme treatment method to a level of 40% degree of hydrolysis. The dried protein hydrolysate prepared from the mixed flour had 72% crude protein. This protein was characterized by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE. Comparison of the amino acid profile of the protein hydrolysate from mixed flours and soyabean flours showed a significant increase in the former one with respect to amino acid contents usually deficient of single oilseed flour hydrolysate. The product is creamish yellow in colour and had a solubility of >90% over a wide pH range of 2–10. The mixed flour protein hydrolysate showed better functional attributes such as foaming, as compared to that from soybean flour alone.     

日粮类型及精粗比对舍饲育肥牦牛肉氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对舍饲育肥牦牛肉中氨基酸含量和脂肪酸含量的影响。试验以麦洼公牦牛为研究对象,采用2×3交叉设计,日粮类型分别为玉米型日粮以及用裸大麦替代60%玉米型日粮,两种日粮由玉米和裸大麦-玉米分别与酒糟、苜蓿等混合而成,两种日粮的精料与粗料比例由低到高分别为3:7(低精料组)、4:6(中精料组)、5:5(高精料组)。试验选取36头年龄为4周岁、体重(143.98±21.01) kg、健康状况良好的麦洼公牦牛,按体重随机区组试验设计分为6个处理组,预饲期15 d,正试期180 d。试验结束后,所有牦牛全部屠宰,采集倒数第1与第2肋骨间背最长肌,测定肉样的常规营养成分、氨基酸以及脂肪酸。结果表明:日粮类型对背最长肌水分、粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)、粗脂肪(Ether extract,EE)、粗灰分(Ash)的含量、氨基酸的组成和含量均无显著影响(p>0.05),日粮类型只对背最长肌C17:1有显著影响(p<0.05);日粮精粗比对氨基酸的组成和含量有显著影响(p<0.05),必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例(EAA/TAA)和必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸比例(EAA/NEAA)差异显著(p<0.05),并且随着精料比例越高,氨基酸含量越高;日粮精粗比的不同显著(p<0.05)影响了脂肪酸C18:0的含量,并且低精组和中精组的C18:0的含量显著高于高精组(p<0.05),但低精组与中精组差异不显著(p>0.05);低精组和中精组的SFA含量均显著高于高精组(p<0.05),但UFA均低于高精组(p<0.05)。低精组和中精组的UFA/SFA均显著低于高精组(p<0.05)。可见,日粮精粗比对牦牛肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量均具有改善作用,其中,日粮精粗比为5:5效果最好。     

3株酿酒酵母发酵过程中有机酸含量变化分析

通过高效液相色谱法对3株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)发酵过程中葡萄糖、甘油、乙醇及有机酸含量进行测定分析。结果表明:S.cerevisiae1946发酵体系中甘油和乙醇的含量显著高于S cerevisiae P1和S.cerevisiae 32788发酵体系(P0.05);3株酿酒酵母发酵液中7种有机酸存在明显的差异性和规律性;S.cerevisiae 1946发酵体系中有机酸的含量低于S.cerevisiae P1和S.cerevisiae 32788发酵体系,S cerevisiae的产酸水平与产乙醇能力呈负相关关系。     

大米粉碎度对测定直链淀粉含量的影响

分别采用高速粉碎机和普通电动粉碎机制备试样,按GB/T 15683—2008方法对其直链淀粉含量进行测定。结果表明:大米的粉碎程度对直链淀粉含量测定有较大的影响,采用高速粉碎机(95%米粉通过100目分样筛)制备的试样测得的直链淀粉含量重现性好,结果准确可靠;而采用普通电动粉碎机制备试样测得的直链淀粉含量与高速粉碎机相比较,可产生-5.01~-1.77 g/(100 g)的偏差,检测结果准确性差,无法真实地反映大米中直链淀粉的实际含量。     

Shelf-life extension of highbush blueberry using 1-methylcyclopropene stored under air and controlled atmosphere

The potential of 1-methylcyclopropene for controlling ripening in ‘Lateblue’ blueberry fruit was explored. After harvest, blueberry fruits were exposed to 1-MCP (0.3 and 0.6 μl l⁻¹). After treatment, samples were stored in air at 0 °C for 35 days and in a controlled atmosphere (3 kPa O₂ + 11 kPa CO₂) for 60 days. Quality parameters were monitored (weight loss, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, firmness, anthocyanin content, phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity). Blueberries treated with 1-MCP showed a reduced weight loss during storage and a lower total soluble solid content compared to untreated fruit. High titratable acidity values were observed after controlled atmosphere storage, but no significant effect of 1-MCP on this parameter was observed. 1-MCP had no significant effects on anthocyanins, phenolics or antioxidant activities.     

带压密封工程概论

基于国内带压密封技术的研究、产生、发展、现场应用等基础条件,提出了带压密封工程的概念,简述了带压密封工程发展概况、工程原理、技术构成、研究内容、法规和标准。带压密封工程的定义是:以流体泄漏状态下实现再密封为研究对象,泄漏部位勘测数据为依据,应用基础科学原理及密封理论,结合工程实践活动和科学试验中所积累的理论和技术经验,创建带压密封装置为目的的一门新兴的工程技术学科。