Application of CO2 laser heating zone drawing and zone annealing to nylon 6 fibers

Nlon 6 fibers were zone drawn and zone annealed by using a continuous wave carbon dioxide laser to develop their mechanical properties. A laser‐heating zone drawing was carried out under a applied tension of 35.4 MPa at a power density of 9.65 W · cm^?2, and then the zone‐drawn fiber was annealed. A laser‐heating zone annealing was carried out in two steps at a power density of 9.65 W · cm^?2; the first step was carried out under 423 MPa and the second under 517 MPa. The treating temperature of the fiber heated by the CO₂ laser was measured by using an infrared thermographic camera equipped with a magnifying lens. The treating temperature at the zone drawing is 138°C, and those at the first and the second zone annealing are 121 and 125°C, respectively. The second laser‐heated zone‐annealed fiber has a birefringence of 65.2 × 10^?3, a degree of crystallinity of 54%, and a storage modulus of 21 GPa at 25°C. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns for the laser‐heated zone‐drawn and the zone‐annealed fibers show (200) reflection and (002/202) doublet due to only an α form on the equator. The laser‐heated zone‐drawn fiber has a melting endotherm peaking at 216°C and a trace of shoulder on the higher temperature side of its peak, and the laser‐heated zone‐annealed fibers have a single melting endotherm peaking at 216°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1711–1716, 2002     

Crystallization and crosslinking of polyamide‐1010 under elevated pressure

The structure and thermal properties of polyamide‐1010 (PA1010), treated at 250°C for 30 min under pressures of 0.7–2.5 GPa, were studied with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), infrared (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystals were formed when the pressures were less than 1.0 GPa or greater than 1.2 GPa. With increasing pressure, the intensity of the diffraction peak at approximately 24° was enhanced, whereas the peak at approximately 20° was depressed. The triclinic crystal structure of PA1010 was preserved. The highest melting temperature of the crystals obtained in this work was 208°C for PA1010 treated at 1.5 GPa. Crosslinking occurred under pressures of 1.0–1.2 GPa. Only a broad diffraction peak centered at approximately 20° was observed on WAXD patterns, and no melting and crystallization peaks were found on DSC curves. IR spectra of crosslinked PA1010 showed a remarkable absorption band at 1370 cm^?1. The N? H stretching vibration band at 3305 cm^?1 was weakened. Crystallized PA1010 had a higher thermal stability than crosslinked PA1010, as indicated on TGA curves by a higher onset temperature of decomposition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2522–2527, 2002     

连续床色谱分离技术

连续床色谱是一种新型分离技术,连续床与传统柱色谱相比,最大的优势在于它的孔道壁不允许蛋白质和多肽通过,这就需要它的分辨率不随流速变化而变化,或者随流速增加,分辨率增大,这样避免了传统层析柱中分辨率与流速二者不可兼顾的难题,并且其制备简单,稳定性好,本文介绍了连续床色谱的概念,制备及其优点,分析了连续床色谱目前存在的问题,并展望了其应用前景。     

露天矿半连续工艺技术应用现状及发展前景

介绍了露天矿半连续工艺技术国内外应用现状、研究成果以及发展趋势。     

连续电镀锌镍合金的研究

提出了一种高氯化铵弱酸型镀液体系连续电镀锌镍合金工艺，研究了m(Ni^2 )/[m(Ni^2 ) m(Zn^2 )]、氯化铵浓度，电流密度、温度、PH值对镀层镍含量的影响，推导出连续镀的镀速计算公式，采用此工艺可获得外观良好、镍含量在13％－15％的锌镍合金镀层。     

Electrodeionisation 3: The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions

The removal of nickel ions from dilute solutions using a process that combines an ion-exchange bed with electrodialysis has been studied. The main aspects include: the concentration of nickel ions in the diluate, the voltage over the cell and the current density distribution along the ion-exchange bed. The current density distribution provides insight into the state of the bed as it is simultaneously loaded with Ni²⁺ and regenerated with an electric potential difference applied perpendicular to it. A simple model is used to describe the state of the bed and the quantity of nickel removed from it as a function of time. Under specific conditions the precipitation of metal hydroxides is observed in the compartment containing the ion-exchange bed. The results show that hydroxide precipitation is related to the nickel concentration in solution and the electric potential gradient across the bed.     

热集成复杂精馏流程综合的随机最优化方法

This paper addresses the application of stochastic optimization approaches to the synthesis of heat integrated complex distillation system, which is characterized by large-scale combinatorial feature. Conventional and complex columns, thermally coupled (linked) side strippers and side rectifiers as well as heat integration between the different columns axe simultaneously considered. The problem is formulated as an MINLP (mixed-integer nonlinear programming) problem. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to deal with the MINLP problem and a shortcut method is applied to evaluate all required design paxameters as well as the total cost function. Two illustrating examples are presented.     

Phase Transformation and Texture in Hot-Forged or Annealed Liquid-Phase-Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramics

Starting from three powder mixtures of 80 vol% SiC (100α, 50α/50β, 100β) and 20 vol% YAG, liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 1800°C for 1 h under 25 MPa, and then by hot forging or annealing at 1900°C for 4 h under an applied stress of 25 MPa in argon. The phase transformation and texture development in the as-hot-pressed, hot-forged, and annealed SiC ceramics were investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the pole figure measurements. The 6H → 4H polytypic transformation was observed in samples consisting of both α- and β-SiC phases when subjected to compressive deformation but absent in the case of annealing, suggesting the deformation-enhanced solubility of aluminum in SiC. Deformation was also found to enhance the 3C → 4H transformation in the sample containing entirely β-phase, which is due to the accelerated solution-precipitation process assisted by grain boundary sliding. The current study showed that the β- →α-phase transformation had little effect on texture development in SiC. Hot forging generally produced the strongest texture, with the calculated maximum of 2.2 times random in samples started with pure α-SiC phase. The mechanism for texture development was explained based on the microstructural observations.     

铁电薄膜存储器底电极Pt/Ti的制备及性能研究

应用射频磁控溅射方法 ,在Si基片上采用不同的溅射工艺制备了铁电薄膜底电极Pt/Ti,并分析了在不同温度下退火后材料的电导率性能和粘结力性能 ,从理论和实验上分析了不同的溅射工艺和退火处理对底电极性能的影响。     

DQ型高效催化剂在环管PP装置上的应用

介绍了使用DQ型球形高效催化剂在上海石油化工股份有限公司塑料事业部70kt/a环管连续法工业聚丙烯生产装置上应用研究的结果，并对结果进行了讨论。