我国电机保护现状与发展趋势

电动机的保护在企业生产中是非常重要的一项内容，其保护方式及过程有一定的规范要求，其发展趋势要遵循可靠、稳定的原则。     

The study on the conductivity of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene glycol)400 and LiClO4

Polyelectrolytes, in this study were synthesized from styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)400 (PEG400), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR were used to monitor the interaction between Li⁺ ions and polymer. The results of FTIR and MAS solid-state NMR indicate the Li⁺ ions are preferentially coordinated to the ether oxygen of PEG. The T_g of the PEG segments in polyelectrolyte increases with LiClO₄ concentration, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that solubility of the Li⁺ ions in the host polymer increases with the PEG content. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) shows that the bulk conductivity of polyelectrolytes and the conductivity behavior obeys the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation.     

焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料的制备与压缩性能研究

分别以LJ1、LJ2、YJ、ZJ 4种焦炭颗粒作为增强体,CVD炭作为基体,利用TCVI设备制备出了焦炭颗粒增强热解炭基(焦炭颗粒/热解炭)复合材料。并从其力学性能着手,使用金相显微镜分析其显微结构,采用扫描电镜观察其断口微观形貌,并结合载荷-位移曲线综合分析其断裂方式及机理。结果表明:4种焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料中,LJ1和ZJ焦炭颗粒沉积前后密度与质量变化最大,其质量分别增加57.4%和64.3%;焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料微观组织结构为各向异性;LJ2焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料轴向和径向的压缩强度分别为203.7 MPa和176.3 MPa,在4种焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料中强度最高;4种焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料压缩断裂方式为脆性断裂,LJ2焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料和YJ焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料主要是因其内部焦炭颗粒孔洞的应力集中造成断裂,LJ1焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料和ZJ焦炭颗粒/热解炭复合材料主要沿其焦炭颗粒的层片断裂。     

Kinetic analysis of NO-sensitized methane oxidation

The role of NO-sensitized oxidation during the product-gas entrainment of a low-NO_x, multi-jet, natural gas burner is investigated. A detailed kinetic mechanism for the NO-sensitized oxidation of CH₄, consisting of 483 reactions and 69 species, is used for the kinetic analysis. An eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition is performed on normalized sensitivity coefficients to study the important reactions using principal component analysis (PCA), and the loadings corresponding to the largest eigenvalue are used to identify the reaction pathways of NO-sensitized oxidation. The main reaction pathway is most strongly affected by the temperature profile and equivalence ratio. Also, a reduced kinetic scheme of 110 reactions and 47 species is developed by eliminating reactions with small loadings. The temporal evolution of reactions is investigated using functional PCA, in which the functional loadings reflect the importance of reactions as a function of time. A discretization approach is used to perform the functional PCA.     

Assessment of a redox alkaline/iron-chelate absorption process for the removal of dilute hydrogen sulfide in air emissions

The oxidative absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) into a solution of ferric chelate of trans-1,2- diaminocyclohexanetetraacetate (CDTA) was studied in a counter-current laboratory column randomly packed with 15 mm plastic Ralu rings. The present investigation takes concern about the Kraft pulping situation where dilute H₂S concentrations are omnipresent in large-volume gas effluents. A fractional two-level factorial approach was instigated to determine the significance of six operating variables, namely the solution's alkalinity (pH; 8.5-10.5), the liquid mass flow rate (L;1.73-), the solution's ionic strength (I_C;0.01-), the gas mass flow rate (G;0.19-), the inlet H₂S concentration (C_H2S,0;70-430 ppm) and the initial ferric CDTA concentration (C_Fe,0;100 -). Initially, a Plackett-Burman design matrix of seven duplicated experiments revealed that pH is the leading factor controlling the H₂S conversion rate while the ionic strength and ferric CDTA concentration effects remained negligible within the factorial domain. Surface response analysis based on 11 duplicated factorial experiments plus 10 central composite trials revealed that the H₂S conversion significantly increases with liquid flow rate but decreases with growing H₂S load up. Further examination about the influence of ferric CDTA on H₂S absorption rate was set up over a broader concentration range (C_Fe,0;0- at pH of 9.5 and 10.5. It showed good potential at as H₂S conversion increased by a significant 25% for both pH values in comparison to pure alkaline solutions containing no ferric CDTA.     

Synthesis and surface properties of new dicephalic saccharide-derived surfactants

A new group of nonionic dicephalic saccharide amides, N-dodecyl-N,N-bis[(3-d-gluconylamido)propyl]-amine, N-dodecyl-N,N-bis[(3-d-glucoheptonylamido)propyl]-amine, and N-alkyl-N,N-bis[(3-lactobionylamido)propyl]amines (alkyl: n-C₁₂H_25′ n-C₁₆H_33′, n-C₁₈H₃₇) were synthesized and characterized. Their structure and purity were confirmed by means of ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Carbon spectra were verified using a DEPT experiment. The surface and interfacial properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), standard free energy of micellization, ΔG _CMC, surface excess concentration, Γ_CMC, and surface area demand per molecule, A _CMC, were determined. The tertiary nitrogen atom seems to have a surprising effect on surfactnat packing at the interface.     

Synthesis, characterization and degradation of poly(dl-lactide)-block-polyvinylpyrrolidone-block-poly(dl-lactide) copolymers

A new kind of A-B-A block copolymers with good biocompatibility and adjustable degradability was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization, in which DL-lactide polymerized and grew from the two ends of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The well-defined triblock structures of copolymers were characterized by GPC, ¹H NMR, FTIR and DSC. There were two pronounced glass transition temperatures which showed apparent microphase separations between hydrophilic PVP segment and hydrophobic poly(dl-lactide) (PDLLA) segments. The hydrolytic degradation of PDLLA and copolymers in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4) showed that the degradation rate of copolymers apparently became faster in comparison with that of PDLLA homopolymer, and increased with increasing PVP content. The measurements through ¹H NMR and FTIR showed that the degraded fragments contained PDLLA oligomers, lactates and soluble chains composed of PVP blocks attached with short PDLLA ones.     

Direct <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-Glucose Oxidation over Noble Metal Nanoparticles Introduced on Polymer and Inorganic Supports

In the present work, nanocatalysts prepared on inorganic supports (zeolites) were investigated in d-glucose oxidation and compared to systems supported on polymer (hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS)) previously described. Catalytic activities and selectivities were measured under various reaction conditions. The selectivity of d-glucose oxidation and activity of both Pd-containing zeolites and HPS-Ru were similar (99.7% and TOF 0.013–0.014 mol/(mol Me s)). Physicochemical analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, liquid nitrogen physisorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of adsorbed CO for metal sites evaluation, CD₃CN for acid sites evaluation showed that Pd species were in oxidic form, while Ru species were in oxidic and reduced form. The catalytic activity decreased when acidic sites were present in Pd-containing zeolites.     

A Photoexcited Porphyrin System as a Biomimetic Catalyst for D-limonene Biotransformation

A photoexcited porphyrin system has been found to be an efficient catalyst for D-limonene biotransformation. The catalyst showed high selectivity in hydroxylation of D-limonene. The best catalyst for limonene biotransformation was 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrin (H₂TPP), which gave the highest accumulation of carvone and an unknown product with a verbenone-like mass spectrum. The highest conversion yield of these products was favoured at 1:2 molar ratio of H₂TPP to limonene. Some factors affecting the biotransformation yield were also investigated. Maximal yield of carvone was obtained in the medium containing 90% of the substrate, within the period of 18–36 h. Mechanism involved in limonene biotransformation catalysed by H₂TPP is also discussed.     

工字形焊件中批量缺陷的自动对应准则

为了实现工字形焊件中批量缺陷空间位置数据的自动提取,在缺陷分割与细化的基础上提出了批量缺陷的自动对应准则,探讨了影响缺陷自动对应判定的因素.应用提出的自动对应准则对实际焊件进行了批量缺陷空间位置数据的自动提取,并与手工对应的结果进行了对比.结果表明,采用文中算法对应到的缺陷与手工检测结果基本一致,但检测效率却大幅度提高,并大大减轻了检测人员的劳动强度,为该焊件的快速无损检测及接头完整性评价奠定了良好的基础.