Deducing the stage-discharge relationship of rectangular broad and sharp-crested contraction devices

Flumes with a local contraction of the channel width are a common way for accurately measuring the flow discharge. In this paper, the outflow process of rectangular broad and sharp-crested contraction devices is modeled using the dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition. The proposed theoretical stage-discharge relationship is tested using measurements available in the literature. The proposed power equation is characterized by a value of the exponent close to 1.5 and a coefficient depending on the contraction ratio. The proposed flow-measuring flumes are characterized by a good accuracy of the measured discharge (ranging from −2.71 to 3.28% for the broad-crested contraction device and in the range from −0.24 to 0.31% for the sharp-crested one). Even if both flume types have good accuracy of the measured discharge (less than the limit of ±5% suggested in the literature), the developed analysis demonstrated that the sharp-crested device is characterized by the lowest values of the errors in the estimate of discharge, and this result increases the interest of this device in practical applications. The advantage of the proposed approach is combining an accurate estimate of the flow discharge and working regardless of the discharge coefficient estimate.     

Determining the flow correlation for an orifice with a non-dimensional number

Traditional devices like orifice meters play a crucial function as a flow measuring device because there is inaccuracy in the measurement of the flow measuring device concern. The pressure drop (Δp) between the upside and downsides of the orifice-pipe flow passage is calculated using Bernoulli's principle. Orifice meter produces errors and uncertainty in the downstream of the flow because of wake or backflow. The proposed study provides the procedure to calculate the Δp and flow characteristics for a circular orifice for a compressible fluid (Air) with CFD analysis. The numerical study was carried out by considering combined parameters such as area ratio (σ) and space ratio (s) as geometrical parameters and Reynolds number as flow parameters to minimize the errors of the numerical calculation. The input parameter σ varies from 0.2 to 0.6, and the s varies from 0.1 to 0.9. Whereas the Reynolds number (Re) varies from 10000 to 100000. A non-dimensional number is defined by the combined effect of σ and s to generated correlations with accuracy which is enhanced predicted results of the work. The correlation will make a significant contribution to the flow monitoring device design.     

油气润滑环状流在突缩管内的流动特性研究

基于Fluent仿真软件,并定义了一种突缩系数,对不同气速和不同突缩系数下的油气润滑中油气两相环状流流经突缩管的流动过程进行仿真.通过仿真计算得到了突缩管内的油膜分布图,压降曲线以及速度分布图.     

“均压”烧结新技术的评述与展望

首次提出了均压烧结的概念；分析了和均压烧结技术提高烧结放产质量的机理；介绍了给上部料层加压和为下部料层减压的试验结果；展望了均压烧结技术在攀钢运用的必要性与可行性。     

A new edge detection method for automatic visual inspection

This paper presents a new edge-detection method which, based on simple arithmetic and logical operations, consists of three procedures: image binarisation, image contraction, and image subtraction. Experiments showed that the proposed algorithm could generate a path one pixel wide with continuous edges, and the proposed algorithm had a better edge-detection accuracy than the 4-connected, 8-connected, and the Sobel techniques. Therefore, the proposed edge-detection algorithm is feasible for use in automatic visual inspection systems.     

设有横缝的高拱坝地震反应分析方法

文中介绍了两种模拟拱坝径向横缝的力学模型，应用非直接对接的自由子结构方法，在模态子空间内建立了拱坝地震反应分析的非线性动力方程，提出了考虑动水压力影响的近似计算方法。最后通过算例说明不同径向横缝模型对拱坝地震反应的影响。     

Volume contraction behaviour of binary solid-liquid fluidized beds

Contrary to the widely held notion that the total bed height of a binary solid fluidized bed will be the sum of heights of the two individual mono-component beds fluidized at the same velocity, significant negative deviations have been observed in our experimental investigation. The negative deviations, signifying a contraction of the total volume of the binary solid fluidized bed, could sometimes be as high as 25% of the actual volume. The volume contraction has been found to depend mainly upon the degree of solids mixing prevailing in the bed irrespective of whether it is fully fluidized or not. The composition of the binary solid fluidized was another important factor that influenced the contraction behaviour of the bed besides the size ratio of the two constituent solid species of the binary present in the bed.     

Looking for narrow interfaces in automatic differentiation using graph drawing

Automatic differentiation is a powerful technique for evaluating derivatives of functions given in the form of a high-level programming language such as Fortran, C, or C++. This technique is superior, in terms of accuracy, to numerical differentiation because it avoids the truncation error involved in divided difference approximations. In automatic differentiation, the program is treated as a potentially very long composition of elementary functions to which the chain rule of differential calculus is applied over and over again. Because of the associativity of the chain rule, there is room for different strategies computing the same numerical results but whose computational cost may vary significantly. Several strategies exploiting high-level structure of the underlying computer code are known to reduce computational cost as opposed to blindly applying automatic differentiation. An example includes “interface contraction” where one takes advantage of the fact that the number of variables passed between subroutines is small compared with the number of propagated directional derivatives. Unfortunately, these so-called narrow interfaces are not immediately available. The present study investigates the use of the VCG graph drawing tool to recognize narrow interfaces in the computational graph, a certain directed acyclic graph used to represent data dependences of variables in the underlying computer code.     

金属切削加工喷雾冷却方法

通过对喷雾冷却原理的探索,找到了喷雾冷却适用的场合及方法,同时对冷却介质的消耗量进行计算。通过试验和测试,掌握几种喷雾器的优点,有效地提高了工作效率。实验证明:应用的喷雾冷却方法切实有效,充分说明了喷雾冷却在实际生产中的可行性和可操作性。     

超长混凝土结构概念设计与技术措施

对混凝土结构温度作用和收缩作用的成因、特点进行了分析,提出了对于两种作用的概念设计方法,列举了工程中常用的技术措施,并结合工程实例,分析了剪力墙不同布置方式对结构中温度应力和变形的影响,以供参考。