High resolution X-ray phase contrast synchrotron imaging of normal and ligation damaged rat sciatic nerves

This study was performed to apply synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging to a neuropathologic evaluation technique after treatment of peripheral nerve blocks. A phase contrast synchrotron images of normal and ligation damaged rat sciatic nerve were obtained with an 8 KeV monochromatic beam and 20-mum thick CsI(TI) scintillation crystal. The visual image was magnified using a 20x microscope objective and captured using an analog CCD camera. Obtained images were compared with conventional light microscopic findings from the same nerve samples. By using an edge enhancement effect of phase const with SR, we could easily discriminate each nerve fiber and identify the arrangement of nerve fibers within a whole thickness (about 1 mm in diameter) of peripheral nerve without sectioning and fixation. The composite SR image of a ligation damaged rat sciatic nerve sample showed that the response to nerve injury was different on each side of the site of injury. The SR image of damaged distal lesion showed destruction of neural microarchitecture and typical extensive Wallerian degeneration of nerve fibers as clearly as histologic image. We could get very detailed morphologic data for Wallerian degeneration of nerve fibers by using the SR imaging technique. We believe that the phase contrast synchrotron imaging has great potential as an imaging tool in the bioscience and medical science.     

基于曲率流的点模型编辑方法*

为了对点模型表面进行保细节的自由形状编辑,提出了一种基于曲率流的点模型形状编辑方法。该方法定义了基于平均曲率流的光顺算子,通过此光顺算子获得点模型不同光滑程度的曲面表示。运用对应曲面上点之间的向量差进行相应几何细节的抽取,在相邻的曲面表示之间将几何细节剥离出来。用户可以在不同的曲面上进行自由形状编辑,而无须关心几何细节。在变形后的曲面上再将相应的几何细节映射回去,实现对模型保细节的变形。实验结果表明该方法是一种有效的点模型造型算法,在变形的同时,有效地保持了模型表面的细节特征。     

Tailoring of Photoluminescence Properties in All-Vacuum Deposited Perovskite via Ruddlesden–Popper Faults

Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) faults are well known in oxide perovskites, and are also observed in promising metal halide perovskites. However, the effect of RP faults on optical properties of perovskite has not been systematically investigated. In this study, it is found that RP faults are common planar faults in all-vacuum deposited CsPbBr₃-based perovskite polycrystal thin films, and the density of RP planar faults can be greatly increased by non-stoichiometric composition (Cs-rich) as well as reduced dimensionality (quasi-2D) strategies. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement reveals monotonically increasing peak intensities with higher densities of RP planar faults from Cs-rich, quasi-2D to Cs-rich & quasi-2D samples. The corresponding atomic-scale differential phase contrast maps indicate strongly confined charges within the RP planar fault network, which explains well the relationship between PL enhancement and the density of RP planar faults, and offers an alternative pathway for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of perovskite.     

Study on reaction time depending on display parameters of gaming displays

Display technology plays a significant role in gaming and, thus, display parameters are an important consideration when choosing a gaming display. In general, interest in display parameters such as contrast ratio, response time, refresh rate, and input lag in gaming displays is very high. In this article, we studied the reaction time of gaming displays, as a measure of game performance, with respect to different contrast ratios, response times, and refresh rates. Contrast ratio and response time turned out to be the key factors influencing reaction time. The higher the contrast ratio is, the shorter the reaction time tends to be. In addition, the faster the response time is, the shorter the reaction time is. Displays with high contrast ratio and fast response time are advantageous in terms of reaction time, which is also expected to be more advantageous in a fast-paced real gaming environment.     

基于生成对抗网络的文本生成图像算法

文本生成图像算法对生成图像的质量和文本匹配度有很高的要求. 为了提高生成图像的清晰度, 在现有算法的基础上改进生成对抗网络模型. 加入动态记忆网络、细节校正模块(DCM)、文本图像仿射组合模块(ACM)来提高生成图片的质量. 其中动态记忆网络可以细化模糊图像并选择重要的文本信息存储, 以提高下一阶段生成图像的质量. DCM纠正细节, 完成合成图像中缺失部分. ACM编码原始图像特征, 重建与文本描述无关的部分. 改进后的模型实现了两个目标, 一是根据给定文本生成高质量的图片, 同时保留与文本无关的内容. 二是使生成图像不再较大程度依赖于初始图像的生成质量. 通过在CUB-200-2011鸟类数据集进行研究实验, 结果表明相较之前的算法模型, FID (Frechet inception)有了显著的改善, 结果由16.09变为10.40. 证明了算法的可行性和先进性.     

车型意象认知与侧轮廓造型特征关联研究

目的基于感性工学(KE)原理与方法,以各车型侧轮廓为对象,研究意象认知与车型造型要素的关联性,比较并分析在意象差异下所对应各车型侧轮廓的关键造型特征。方法选取目前市场的15款典型车型为研究样本,收集并筛选获取代表性感性意象词汇,结合语义差分法(SD法)与形态分析法,利用贝塞尔曲线对车身侧轮廓进行了简化并提取其造型特征线,在构建车身侧轮廓评价参考模型基础上,对样本侧轮廓进行直接与间接的量化分析。结论综合语义差分法(SD法)与形态对比分析法,提取影响车型意象定位的关键造型特征,获取用户针对不同车型在侧轮廓特征上的识别程度等级,构建车型侧轮廓特征—感性意象的关联模型,辅助汽车车型造型设计与研究,提高车型造型与用户感性需求间的匹配度。     

产品细节形态设计探究

目的探究产品细节形态设计中的设计原则和方法。方法结合现有产品的调研汇总、基本模型的建立分析以及问卷调查的结果,对影响产品外观细节形态的两个基本要素——圆角和分割线的属性对产品视觉美感的影响进行研究,并给出相关实例验证。结论分析了产品细节形态中圆角和分割线两个视觉元素对产品视觉感受的影响,提出了在产品细节形态设计中合理设计圆角和分割线的原则和方法,给出了从圆角和分割线两个方面提升整体产品视觉美感的优化方案。     

NMR investigation of experimental chemical induced brain tumors in rats, potential of a superparamagnetic contrast agent (MD3) to improve diagnosis

The different steps of development of chemically induced brain tumors were investigated in rats by MRI using a superparamagnetic contrast agent, magnetite-dextran nanoparticles (MD3). Sprague-Dawley strain pregnant female rats were injected intravenously with ethynitrosourea solution at the end of pregnancy. Offspring whelped by the inoculated mother were followed. MRI examinations were performed at 0.5 T. MD3 nanoparticles were injected intravenously at a dose of 5 mg Fe kg^-1 body weight 30 min before rat sacrifice. After sacrifice, histological slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Relaxation times were measured at 40 MHz and 37°. MD3 nanoparticles act differently according to the step of the tumor development. Before tumor appearance, at a step characterized by the presence of abnormal cell clusters, relaxation time T2 increased significantly. The T2-weighted image showed a small increase in signal intensity in the lesion. Image contrast was improved by MD3 nanoparticles injection because of the decrease in healthy tissue signal intensity. The Tl-weighted image did not provide any additional information. In presence of a minute tumor, relaxation times decreased in tumor but increased in surrounding tissue. The Tl-weighted image showed a hypersignal on the border of an hyposignal. T2-weighted image showed a hypersignal in the same area. Signal intensity was not modified after MD3 nanoparticles injection. When new vascular capillaries developed in the tumor, MD3 nanoparticles cross into the cerebral parenchyma. Transmission electron microscopy showed magnetite crystals in this specific area on cytoplasm vesicles of glial cells and in tumor-specific membrane arrangements. On T2-weighted image, the hypersignal consisted of a well defined part and a second more fuzzy part, its signal being extinguished after MD3 nanoparticles injection. Necrotic areas and edema can be discriminated. The use of such a superparamagnetic contrast agent would be helpful in early detection of tumor development and in improving distinction of tumor mass from its vascular environment in patients. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.     

An effective classification and numbering system for dental bitewing radiographs using teeth region and contour information

We propose a dental classification and numbering system to effectively segment, classify, and number teeth in dental bitewing radiographs. An image enhancement method that combines homomorphic filtering, homogeneity-based contrast stretching, and adaptive morphological transformation is proposed to improve both contrast and illumination evenness of the radiographs simultaneously. Iterative thresholding and integral projection are adapted to isolate teeth to regions of interest (ROIs) followed by contour extraction of the tooth and the pulp (if available) from each ROI. A binary linear support vector machine using the skew-adjusted relative length/width ratios of both teeth and pulps, and crown size as features is proposed to classify each tooth to molar or premolar. Finally, a numbering scheme that combines a missing teeth detection algorithm and a simplified version of sequence alignment commonly used in bioinformatics is presented to assign each tooth a proper number. Experimental results show that our system has accuracy rates of 95.1% and 98.0% for classification and numbering, respectively, in terms of number of teeth tested, and correctly classifies and numbers the teeth in four images that were reported either misclassified or erroneously numbered, respectively.     

Local contrast enhancement and adaptive feature extraction for illumination-invariant face recognition

Recognizing human faces in various lighting conditions is quite a difficult problem. The problem becomes more difficult when face images are taken in extremely high dynamic range scenes. Most of the automatic face recognition systems assume that images are taken under well-controlled illumination. The face segmentation as well as recognition becomes much simpler under such a constrained condition. However, illumination control is not feasible when a surveillance system is installed in any location at will. Without compensating for uneven illumination, it is impossible to get a satisfactory recognition rate. In this paper, we propose an integrated system that first compensates uneven illumination through local contrast enhancement. Then the enhanced images are fed into a robust face recognition system which adaptively selects the most important features among all candidate features and performs classification by support vector machines (SVMs). The dimension of feature space as well as the selected types of features is customized for each hyperplane. Three face image databases, namely Yale, Yale Group B, and Extended Yale Group B, are used to evaluate performance. The experimental result shows that the proposed recognition system give superior results compared to recently published literatures.