Intake of ruminant versus industrial trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease – what is the evidence?

Several studies have reported a positive association between intake of trans fatty acids and risk of heart disease. It has been suggested that trans fatty acids from ruminant sources are less detrimental than trans fatty acids from industrial sources. Legislation or advice on limiting trans fatty acids has, in some instances, been restricted to trans fatty acids from industrial sources. However, comparisons of ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids have been based on few studies using relative intake data (e.g. quintiles of intakes). Therefore, we have reviewed data describing the associations between absolute intake (g eaten per day) of ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease, and examined the associations graphically. Where direct comparison is possible, there are no differences in risk of coronary heart disease between total, ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids for intakes up to 2.5 g/d. At higher intakes (more than 3 g/d) total and industrial trans fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease but there is insufficient data available on ruminant trans fatty acids at this level of intake. The scarce data do not support discrimination between ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids in dietary recommendations or legislation.     

不同结构支架植入蜿蜒型颅内动脉瘤的仿真研究

为了探讨不同结构的血管内支架对颅内复杂动脉瘤的血液动力学特性的影响,针对同一蜿蜒形颅内动脉瘤结构,构建了4种不同的裸支架(截面形状和孔隙率不同),分别植入动脉瘤的有限元模型,进行流体动力学仿真计算,获得了一些血流动力学的定量信息.4种模型中,无论是在减小血流对动脉瘤远端瘤壁冲击,还是在局部高压力的降低以及减小动脉瘤壁面切应力等方面,孔隙率较低的三角形截面的网格支架的效果均优于其他3种模型支架的效果.设计采用的三角形截面支架由于血液流入和流出时的流阻不同,导致该支架植入动脉瘤后对瘤腔血流的影响不同,从而产生了动脉瘤腔内的血流动力学差异.这可以为支架结构设计提供一些理论指导意义.     

维生素E 抑制冠心病患者低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰作用的临床研究

目的 探讨维生素E (Vit E)对冠心病低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰作用。方法 健康对照组32 例, 将45 例冠心病患者分两个剂量组, Vit E 0.1 g/d 及0.3 g/d 。采用给药前后自身对照的方法测定血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)、血清脂质过氧化物(LPO)、全血谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。结果 冠心病组oxLDL、LPO 显著升高(P<0.01, P<0.05),GSH-Px显著降低(P<0.01)。Vit E 0.3 g/d 治疗后, oxLDL 和LPO 显著降低(P<0.01), GSH-Px 升高(P<0.01)。结论 Vit E 是一种良好的抗氧化剂, 其抑制低密度脂蛋白的氧化修饰作用是防治冠心病的重要机制之一。     

人参多糖对冠心病大鼠心肌细胞线粒体的保护作用

本文研究了人参多糖对冠心病大鼠线粒体的保护作用。通过建立冠心病大鼠模型,采用人参多糖进行干预,检测线粒体钙（Ca2+）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量水平,以及可溶性Fas（FAS）、Fas配体（FASL）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）及B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因相关X蛋白（Bax）的表达。结果表明,随着人参多糖作用浓度的增加,Ca2+浓度和SDH活性均有显著性变化（p<0.05）,其中,高剂量组Ca2+浓度、SDH活性分别为43.41 μmol/g和7.21 U/mg。人参多糖作用后,高剂量组MDA含量、GSH-Px酶活和SOD酶活分别为4.19 nmol/mL、132.42 U/mg和90.18 U/mL,与模型组均有显著性差异（p<0.05）。同时,与模型组相比,人参多糖能显著降低大鼠的FASL、FAS、Bcl-2及Bax表达水平（p<0.05）。其中高剂量组的FASL、FAS、Bcl-2及Bax的表达量分别为1.21、1.09、1.08和1.02。结果说明,人参多糖可改善冠心病模型大鼠血脂异常,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤的作用,对线粒体的保护作用较强。     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定食品中多形态硒含量

目的 探究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后血清成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF-21)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平与预后的关系。方法 选择2016年1月至2018年12月在我院接受PCI术治疗的108例AMI患者作为研究对象。根据随访过程中是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE),病人分为预后不良组(25例)和预后良好组(83例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测受试者血清FGF-21水平,采用胶体金免疫层析法检测受试者血清MPO水平。分析FGF-21、MPO与AMI患者PCI术后MACE发生的关系及诊断MACE发生的效能。结果 预后不良组血清FGF-21、MPO水平均高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。FGF-21＋MPO诊断AMI患者PCI术后MACE发生的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.860,高于FGF-21、MPO单独诊断AMI患者PCI术后MACE发生的AUC。FGF-21＞140.41 ng/L和FGF-21≤140.41 ng/L的患者,MACE发生率分别为39.58%和10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。MPO＞419.42 μg/L和MPO≤419.42 μg/L的患者,MACE发生率分别为35.00%和8.33%,差异有统计学意义(P＝0.001)。Cox单因素及Cox多因素分析显示FGF-21、MPO与AMI患者PCI术后MACE发生密切相关(均P＜0.05)。结论 AMI患者PCI术后血清FGF-21、MPO水平与预后有关。高水平的FGF-21、MPO与MACE发生密切相关。     

188Re-MAG3的制备及动物体内评价

本工作着重研究了可用于PTCA(Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)后冠状动脉再狭窄防治的放射性标记化合物^188Re-MAG3的制备,并与Na^188ReO4的小鼠体内生物分布加以比较。结果表明,在 TechneScan MAG3锝药盒中加入酒石酸亚锡,控制标记条件,^188Re-MAG3的标记率可大于98％。^188Re-MAG3在小鼠体内的血液清除明显快于Na^188ReO4,甲状腺和胃肠道吸收明显低于Na^188ReO4,标记物主要经肾脏通过尿液排出体外。为降低PTCA后冠脉再狭窄的发生率,与Na^188ReO4相比,^188Re-MAG3更适于临床应用。     

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic assessment of the contribution of quercetin and other flavonols to the antioxidant capacity of red wines

Health benefits of red wine have been ascribed in part to the antioxidant properties of quercetin and other flavonols. Red wines, however, contain many other polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant potential. The present study has assessed the antioxidant capacity of seven red wines using electron spin resonance spectrometry to measure their ability to donate hydrogen atoms to a stable Fremy's radical. Antioxidant capacity of the wines was strongly related to the total phenol content (r = 0.872, P < 0.01) but less so to total flavonol content (r = 0.651, P < 0.10). The only flavonols detected in the wines by HPLC with post‐column derivatisation were the aglycones and conjugated forms of quercetin and myricetin. These accounted for less than 2% of total phenolic content when expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Although these flavonols showed marked ability to quench Fremy's radical, they contributed less than 1.5% to the total antioxidant capacity of the wines. Consequently, quercetin is not a major antioxidant in red wine. The antioxidant activity of other polyphenols may be of greater importance in contributing to the reputed health benefits of moderate wine consumption. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于EMD和模极大值的造影图像血管提取

针对冠脉造影图像噪音大且血管边缘模糊问题,提出一种基于经验模态分解的冠脉造影图像血管提取方法以较完整有效地提取出造影图像中的血管信息。该方法首先对图像预处理后的造影图像进行经验模态分解,将其分解成若干图像层,保留包含血管信息的图像层并丢弃含非血管信息图像层;其次对保留的图像层进行血管特征提取,依据连通区域的一系列属性来提取图像层中血管信息以获取清晰明显的血管段;最后通过层间信息相互参照,重构血管脉络明显的心血管图像。实验证明了方法有很高的精确度和实际的医用价值。     

冠状动脉对称双路移植管中血流动力学的数值模拟

作为对传统单路动脉移植管旁通术的改进,提出了一种新的双路对称移植管旁通术的几何构型.采用有限元法数值模拟了新构型中生理真实的血液流动,得到并分析了1个心动周期内,缝合区附近血流动力学参数,如流形、压力和壁面剪应力等的时空分布情况.计算结果表明,双路对称移植管旁通比单路旁通具有更好的血流动力学特性,流场得到明显的改善,从而可以减小再狭窄的可能性.