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81.
Thin films on aluminum-tungsten alloys were prepared by co-deposition of pure aluminum and pure tungsten, each sputtered by an independently controlled magnetron source, on glass and sapphire substrates. Completely amorphous films were obtained in the Al80W20-Al67W33 composition range. Passivity and corrosion behavior of amorphous Al-W alloys were investigated in 1 M deaerated hydrochloric acid solution using polarization and impedance spectroscopy measurements and have been correlated with the properties of pure alloy components. Tungsten and sputter-deposited Al-W thin films are inherently passive materials while aluminum undergoes pitting corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution. The passive film formed at the OCP on each alloy possesses excellent electric and dielectric properties comparable to those of the isolating film on tungsten. The absolute impedance increases with increasing tungsten content in the alloy. According to electrochemical polarization measurements, alloying Al with W in solid solution significantly enhances the material's resistance to pitting corrosion by shifting the breakdown potential above 2000 mV (Al67W33) and lowering the corrosion rate at the OCP by more than two orders of magnitude. The most likely mechanism explaining the passivity of amorphous Al-W alloys, the Solute Vacancy Interaction Model (SVIM), involves the formation of complexes between highly oxidized solute atoms (W+6) and mobile cation vacancies, which restrict the transport of Cl− through the oxide film and inhibit its breakdown in hydrochloric acid solution. The role that film stress relaxation effects and microscopic defects in amorphous Al-W films, of the some composition, and deposited on various substrates play in their corrosion resistance is discussed. 相似文献
82.
83.
利用2、4和14mm的X60钢紧凑拉伸试样进行同样应力水平、固定应力比(R=0.1)的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,揭示出高韧性管道钢的疲劳裂纹扩展存在显著的厚度效应。由于应力水平低,相应的离面应力也低,不足以导致分层开裂,因此,裂纹端部的三维应力约束随厚度增加而增大。4mm试样的疲劳裂纹速率远高于2mm试样,但厚度再增大,裂纹扩展速率不再有显著变化。进一步对表面裂纹试样进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,并用勾线法纪录裂纹扩展情况,利用穿透裂纹的da/dN-ΔK曲线预测表面裂纹扩展,用2mm厚试样的数据控制裂纹表面长度的扩展,用14mm厚试样的数据控制裂纹底部沿厚度方面的扩展,得到了与表面裂纹扩展实验吻合很好的预测结果。 相似文献
84.
苏金华 《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2002,19(3):33-34
对换热站容积式加热器管束失效原因进行了分析 ,指出主要是由于汽蚀和电化学腐蚀所致。从操作工艺和采用 12Cr2AlMoV材质两方面进行改进 ,可使管束的使用寿命由 4个月延长到 2年 相似文献
85.
Ramazan Kahraman 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2002,11(1):46-50
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium benzoate as an inhibitor to slow down or prevent atmospheric
corrosion/discoloration of the local mild steel during storage in the Arabian Gulf region. Test specimens were prepared from
locally produced reinforcing steel products. The inhibitor solution was applied on steel specimens at a concentration of 100
mM for 1 day at room temperature. Wooden exposure racks were used to hold as-received and inhibitor-treated specimens during
atmospheric exposure for different periods. Corrosion was evaluated through weight loss determination and electrochemical
technique. As expected, the Arabian Gulf atmosphere was corrosive on the as-received local mild steel. On the other hand,
treatment of steel with sodium benzoate lowered its corrosion rate during initial days of its exposure to atmosphere. However,
atmospheric corrosion inhibition performance of sodium benzoate deteriorated with exposure time after 30 or more days of atmospheric
exposure, and the corrosion rates of sodium benzoate-treated specimens reached that of the unprotected specimens at the end
of 90 days of atmospheric exposure. 相似文献
86.
在介绍“铝丝印”概念的基础上,从金属腐蚀学的观点出发,分析了“铝丝印”形成的电化学腐蚀机理,并提出了具体的解决措施。 相似文献
87.
Behaviour of a series of lubricant oils and the effect of a non stoichiometric inorganic compound, as solid extreme pressure additive, on rolling fatigue life are studied using the rolling four-ball accelerated service simulation test proposed by Barwell and Scott. The results show, in all tested cases, the remarkable efficacy of this type of additive. The Total Acidity Number (tan) was found to increase with performance time for the case of the base lubricant, while for the oils with additives, it remained at its constant low value. This led to a proposal of a possible mechanism of the additive performance in the rolling process. 相似文献
88.
On the basis of the experimental data, we show that the difference between the macroscopic and microscopic fatigue crack growth rates in the second section of the kinetic diagram of fatigue fracture is caused by the effect of crack closure within the limits of its existence. We establish the relationships between the macroscopic and microscopic fatigue crack growth rates and the structure of the material in the second section of the diagram for various values of the load ratio with regard for the effect of crack closure and propose a procedure of examination of the fracture processes in structural materials based on the analysis of microscopic and macroscopic fatigue crack growth rates. 相似文献
89.
Rotating-bending uniaxial fatigue tests and micro-fatigue crack initiation tests were carried out using a permanent mold cast
(PMC) and semi-solid die cast (SDC) with Al−7%Si−0.35%Mg composition in order to examine the relationship between solidification
structures and fatigue behaviors. The crack length was measured using a replication method. Fatigue strength was improved
in SDC, which was almost consistent with the predicted fatigue strength using the size of Si particle cluster. Resistance
to fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength were improved in SDC owing to the finer Si cluster and to higher ultimate
tensile strength. Fatigue crack in PMC was preferentially initiated at pores. For SDC, the fatigue crack was initiated at
the Si particle/matrix interface, and then sucessively grew along eutectic cell boundaries. 相似文献
90.