铸件热应力及热裂的数值模拟研究

铸件在铸造凝固过程中热应力场及热裂的数值模拟在实际的生产实践中起着十分重要的作用。本文综合国内外对铸造凝固过程中热应力及热裂数值模拟研究的现状，结合中北大学铸造工程研究中心的实际情况，指出了今后的研究方向和重点：建立适合铸造过程应力场数值模拟的模型，采用有限元软件ANSYS实现铸件热应力场的模拟分析，并计算残余应力。     

高强铝合金沿晶断裂声发射研究

高强度铝合金沿晶界断裂过程中的声发射信号特征反映了材料沿轧制方向的宏观性能。在带有预制裂纹的双悬臂梁(DCB)试样中，裂纹失稳扩展前，先有一短距离的韧窝状穿晶撕裂的稳态裂纹扩展。稳态裂纹扩展起始于K1C并发射出许多幅值超过阈值35dB的信号。当稳态裂纹扩展至Kmax时，便出现失稳的沿晶开裂。对稳态及失稳的裂纹扩展两种情况，其累计声发射能量均与宏观断裂能呈线性关系。     

电磁铸造大板坯凝固过程中热裂纹萌生机理分析

依据电磁铸造（ＥＭＣ）大板坯凝固进程的数值模拟结果，建立了预测热裂纹萌生部位及应力的解析表达式对板坯产生的裂纹及其材质的组织结构的评价表明：热裂纹的萌生与材料的力学性能及组织结构没有必然联系；控制凝固过程中板坯表面温度是减少热裂纹萌生的有效方法。所得结果与裂纹实际情况吻合。     

Thin-skin analysis technique for interaction of arbitrary-shape inducer field with long cracks in ferromagnetic metals

In using the AC field measurement (ACFM) technique for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of metals, a current-carrying wire structure is used to induce eddy current within a thin layer of the metal and a magnetic field sensor to measure the field perturbations in the vicinity of the metal. The sensitivity of ACFM crack detection and sizing relies on an appropriate design of the wire structure geometry together with a dully placement of the sensor. This paper presents an analytical modeling technique for evaluating the electromagnetic field interaction of an ACFM probe with a long uniform crack in a ferromagnetic metallic slab. The probe in the proposed model can have an arbitrary-shape wire inducer with no restrictions on its relative sensor position. The technique is accurate and very efficient computationally. It first uses the two-dimensional Fourier transform to obtain the field distribution at the metal surface. The Laplacian field distribution above the metal is then determined by satisfying the so-obtained boundary condition at air–metal interface. To demonstrate the accuracy of the model, we consider the special case of a rhombic wire inducer. The comparison of our results with those obtained using the conventional algorithm in the literature validates the accuracy of the model introduced in this paper. To show the generality of the model, we also present theoretical and experimental results associated with a solenoid inducer with a three-dimensional geometry for which no analytical solution is available in the literature. The theoretical prediction of crack signal supported by experimental results is used to develop a model-based method for inverting crack signal into crack depth.     

大型饼类锻件锻造工艺研究综述

综述了饼类锻件锻造工艺的发展。大型饼类锻件是重型装备的核心部件之一,需要在液压机上进行自由锻造,由于其高径比远远小于1,实际生产中,废品率高,生产难度大,最严重的便是层状裂纹问题。为了克服这一问题,人们对饼类锻件进行了解剖检验,提出了压窝成形法、锥形板镦粗法等各种锻造工艺。     

模态声发射——声发射信号处理的得力工具

模态声发射是声发射信号处理技术的得力工具。介绍它在声发射源定位、复合材料损伤源识别、疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的声发射监测以及日历损伤声发射评价等工程实践中的应用。     

岸吊焊缝裂纹分析与改进措施研究

从材料的焊接性能、焊接结构、焊条、预热与焊后热处理、焊接工艺参数等角度对岸吊胎架焊缝裂纹进行了分析,提出了改进措施,取得了良好的效果。     

车轮的热烈和磨损机理与抗热裂耐磨车轮的研制

本文研究了车轮踏面的热裂和磨损机理,结果表明,车轮热裂主要与其含碳量和硬度有关;在使用合成闸瓦时,车轮踏面的磨损率与新形成的“白层”(马氏体)的断裂韧性有关。研制的抗热裂耐磨车轮(55SiMn)取得了明显的运用效果。     

锅炉管爆裂原因分析

锅炉管在使用1年后,发生爆裂。管的工作环境:管内压力9.8MPa,温度540℃。经过扫描电镜分析、 金相显微镜分析、化学成分检测和力学性能试验,结果表明,该锅炉生产厂错将20G钢当12Cr1MoVG钢使用,由于20G钢抗高温蠕变性能比12Cr1MoVG钢低,加之锅炉管运行时超温,管壁金属长期过热运行,导致高温蠕变加速,强度下降,最终发生早期蠕变爆裂。