高静压技术在乳及乳制品中的应用进展

现在人们热衷于开发更高安全性、营养质量和具有独特物化特性的新型乳制品。高静压技术对产品赋予特殊的功能性质的潜力巨大 ,从而有助于开发更高营养和更好感观质量的新型乳制品 ,形成新的组织形态 ,并提高了产品货价期 ,所以在乳及乳制品中的应用逐渐增加。这篇文章总结了高静压技术在乳及乳制品中的应用进展 ,并就压力的潜在作用———导致乳制品的修饰改性 ,深入探讨了压力处理条件下乳脂肪和乳蛋白质的变化。     

肉制品中多环芳烃前处理技术的研究进展

综述了索氏提取、超声波萃取、固相萃取、加速溶剂萃取等前处理技术，在肉制品中多环芳烃前处理技术中的应用进展，并对肉制品中多环芳烃前处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于电气安全的LED灯具产品开发模型

从传统LED灯具产品开发的弊端出发,提出了基于电气安全的LED灯具产品开发模型。结合LED灯具产品欧盟安全标准,从产品决策、设计、制造和使用维护4个阶段,详细阐述了电气安全的设计要求及测试。结合国内LED灯具企业的应用实例,取得了满意的效果。     

Analysis of the intake of sodium with cereal products by the population of Poland

The study aimed to analyse the intake of Na with cereal products by the population of Poland. In addition, based on available literature, changes in the content of Na in bread sold in the Polish market from 2009 to 2018 were analysed with regard to Na intake reduction campaigns held in Poland since 2009 popularising information about the adverse effect of sodium on the human cardiovascular system. The results led to the conclusion that the analysed products contained 3.042 ± 3.4 g of Na per 1 kg of fresh product. The content of Na in the analysed products was bread > bread rolls > grains > pasta > rice. Cereal products provide 48.3 % of an adult’s intake of Na, where as much as 48.2 % is covered by bread, with only 0.04 % by grains, 0.04 % by pasta, and 0.01 % by rice. According to information available in reference literature from 2009–2017 the content of Na in baked goods has not been subject to significant modifications. In Poland, with regard to an excessive consumption of Na, efficient strategies must be developed to increase the awareness of consumers and to reduce the use of table salt in the most popular products, and in particular in baked goods. One of the ways to reduce the intake of Na would be consumers’ selection of an adequate range of foodstuffs naturally poor in this element or having its content reduced by means of a suitable technology. This can be a significant component of practices preventing the development of hypertension. However, the fact that information about the content of Na in cereal products is often missing from product labels makes consumer choice difficult.     

The “Food Polymer Science” approach to the practice of industrial R&D,leading to patent estates based on fundamental starch science and technology

This article reviews the application of the “Food Polymer Science” approach to the practice of industrial R&D, leading to patent estates based on fundamental starch science and technology. The areas of patents and patented technologies reviewed here include: (a) soft-from-the-freezer ice creams and freezer-storage-stable frozen bread dough products, based on “cryostabilization technology” of frozen foods, utilizing commercial starch hydrolysis products (SHPs); (b) glassy-matrix encapsulation technology for flavors and other volatiles, based on structure-function relationships for commercial SHPs; (c) production of stabilized whole-grain wheat flours for biscuit products, based on the application of “solvent retention capacity” technology to develop flours with reduced damaged starch; (d) production of improved-quality, low-moisture cookies and crackers, based on pentosanase enzyme technology; (e) production of “baked-not-fried,” chip-like, starch-based snack products, based on the use of commercial modified-starch ingredients with selected functionality; (f) accelerated staling of a starch-based food product from baked bread crumb, based on the kinetics of starch retrogradation, treated as a crystallization process for a partially crystalline glassy polymer system; and (g) a process for producing an enzyme-resistant starch, for use as a reduced-calorie flour replacer in a wide range of grain-based food products, including cookies, extruded expanded snacks, and breakfast cereals.     

水果制品中真菌毒素污染及控制研究进展

真菌侵染是造成水果腐烂和水果及其制品中真菌毒素残留的根本原因。全球由于真菌侵染而腐烂的水果损失约占新鲜水果的20%~30%,而真菌毒素也成为危害人体健康的潜在风险。本文首先综述了水果制品中常见的6种真菌毒素的来源、稳定性及毒性,包括展青霉素、赭曲霉毒素A、黄曲霉毒素B1、交链孢酚、交链孢酚单甲醚、细交链孢菌酮酸、赭曲霉毒素A和黄曲霉毒素B1展青霉素,并分析了各种真菌毒素在不同种类水果制品中的污染状况。其次,重点从控制霉菌生长、产毒和毒素消减3个层面,综述了目前在水果采前、采后和加工3个环节真菌毒素的防控措施,并提出真菌毒素防控领域尚需进一步开展的研究,明确安全、无污染和精准的绿色防控手段为防控真菌毒素污染的发展方向,采取传统控制手段结合生物防控等新技术有望实现对真菌毒素的有效控制。     

山羊绒混纺产品及其发展

根据目前羊绒行业产品需求量大、原料供不应求的发展现状及当今面料轻薄化、时尚化、功能化的发展趋势,结合羊绒的特性,文章主要介绍了几种新型纤维与羊绒混纺在工艺上的可行性,以及这些新型纤维与羊绒混纺后其混纺产品的特点及发展情况.     

干腌肉制品低盐加工技术及其减盐机制研究进展

干腌肉制品因其独特的风味而深受消费者的喜爱,但较高的含盐量制约了其进一步发展。随着人们对适度低盐饮食的关注,如何在保证产品品质和安全性的同时实现减盐的目的成为该领域的研究热点。本文在分析钠盐含量与干腌肉制品品质关系基础上,从钠盐替代物、真空/超高压/超声波/脉冲电场等新型腌制技术、增强咸味感知技术3 个方面综述当前的低盐加工策略及技术,并探讨不同减盐方法的减盐机制、咸味感知机理以及对产品品质特性的影响,指出现有研究和技术的局限性,以期为低盐干腌肉制品的研发提供一定的理论和技术参考。     

济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及半定量风险评估研究

目的 了解济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况和分离株肠毒素基因携带情况,评估生鸡肉产品对消费者的健康风险。方法 2021年3~11月对济南市主要人口密集区域的部分大型超市、农贸市场、肉制品零售店等流通环节及电商平台进行样品采集,依据GB 4789.10—2016《食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》要求对样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌检验;通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）对分离株进行复核鉴定和5种肠毒素基因（sea、seb、sec、sed、see）的检测;使用Risk ranger风险评估软件评估济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌对消费者健康的影响。结果 在采集的180份样品中,共55份样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌,其中大型超市、电商平台来源的冷冻鸡制品16份（16/61）;农贸市场,肉制品零售店来源的冷冻鸡制品30份（30/60）,鲜整鸡9份（9/59）。55株分离株中有9株携带至少一种经典肠毒素基因。半定量风险评估结果提示,济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌导致消费者罹患食物中毒的风险等级为高风险水平,其中农贸市场、肉制品零售店来源的冷冻鸡制品风险值为53;鲜整鸡风险值为52;大型超市、电商平台来源的冷冻鸡制品风险值为49。结论 济南市市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染水平较为严重。结合风险评估结果,建议有关部门加强监管力度,规范市售冷冻肉制品的运输和存放条件,降低冷冻鸡制品细菌污染的风险,保障消费者健康。     

利用稳定同位素进行农产品产地溯源和真伪鉴别研究进展

产地溯源是保护产品原产地信息及以假乱真等农产品安全问题的有效保障, 而稳定同位素溯源技术具有高精准的示踪及溯源能力, 是农产品产地溯源的有效手段, 该技术在国内外已有显著成果。基于这些研究成果, 本综述归纳了近5年(2018—2022年)农产品中轻、重元素稳定同位素在产地溯源和真伪鉴别方面的应用进展, 阐述了稳定同位素与其他技术相结合溯源的研究, 并依据判别结果得出结论: 增加采样数量、扩大采样范围、筛选有效溯源指标、选取适当的化学计量学方法, 同时利用多种分析技术融合鉴别, 从而提高溯源正确率, 完善农产品溯源体系, 为稳定同位素今后的研究提供参考。