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91.
92.
The decay rate of critical fluctuations in steam and in a steam-NaCl mixture has been investigated experimentally with the aid of photon correlation spectroscopy. For pure steam, the measurements have been performed along seven isochores [(¦–
c¦)/c<0.09] as a function of the temperatureT for (T–Tt)<1 K. The results have been compared with the values predicted by the renormalization-group theory written as a modification of the classical mode coupling theory. The agreement between experiment and theory is satisfactory along the critical isochore, but larger deviations are noted for
c when approching the transition temperatureT
t. The decay rate of a 0.1% (molar) dilute mixture of NaCl in H2O has been measured along some near-critical isochores as a function of temperature. Its behavior, which is very different from that observed for pure steam, is dicussed.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A. 相似文献
93.
On the basis of the isomorphism of critical phenomena, the behavior of transport properties of binary mixtures in the vicinity of the vapor-liquid critical line is considered. In particular, the renormalization of the singularity of the thermal conductivity in dilute critical solutions has been analyzed in detail. It is shown that the behavior of the thermal conductivity is determined by the critical background, i.e., the fluctuation-induced regular part, which diverges at the critical point of a solvent. 相似文献
94.
Experimental vapor pressures andP--T data of an important alternative refrigerant, 1, 1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), have been measured by means of a constant-volume method coupled with expansion procedures. SixtyP--T data were measured along eight isochores in a range of temperaturesT from 330 to 440 K, at pressuresP from 1.6 to 9.3 MPa, and at densities from 51 to 811 kg·m–3. Forty-six vapor pressures were also measured at temperatures from 320 K to the critical temperature. The uncertainties of the temperature and pressure measurements are within ±7mK and ±2kPa, respectively, while the uncertainty of the density values is within ±0.1%. The purity of the sample used is 99.9 wt%. On the basis of the measurements along each isochore, five saturation points were determined and the critical pressure was determined by correlating the vapor-pressure measurements. The second and third virial coefficients for temperatures from 360 to 440 K have also been determined. 相似文献
95.
The specific heat at constant volume cv shows a weak singularity at the critical point. Renormalization group techniques have been applied, predicting a universal critical behavior which has to be experimentally confirmed for different systems. In this paper an experiment is presented to measure the specific heat of SF6 along the critical isochore (c=0.737 g·cm–3), applying a continuous heating method. The results cover a temperature span of –1.5×10–2< <1.70×10–2 [=(T–T
c)/T
c] and were strongly affected by gravity effects that emerge in the sample of 1-mm hydrostatic height near the critical point. Using regression analysis, data were fitted with functions of the form c
v/R=A × ¦¦– + B for the one-phase state and c
v/R=A × ¦¦– + B for the twophase state. Within their error bounds the critical values (==0.098, A/A=1.83) represent the measurements for the temperature span 3.5×10–5< ¦¦<2.0×10
–3, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. In order to exclude density profiles in the specimen, which are unavoidable in terrestrial experiments due to the high compressibility of fluids at the critical point and the gravity force, a space-qualified scanning ratio calorimeter has been constructed, which will permit long-term cv measurements under microgravity (-g) conditions. The experiment will be part of the German Spacelab mission in October 1985. The significant features of the apparatus are briefly sketched.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 相似文献
96.
Dynamic light scattering is a suitable method for the investigation of transport properties such as the thermal diffusivity of optically transparent fluids. The main advantages of the method are its quickness, the fact of the thermodynamic state of equilibrium of the sample (gradients are not required), and the relatively simple evaluation of data without the necessity of calibration. However, an insufficient production of intensity of scattered light may be a limiting effect. For that reason the vicinity of the gas-liquid critical point represents the classical range of application. In this paper, it is shown that by means of an appropriate choice of experimental apparatus, measurements are also feasible in an extended range of states. Broad regions around critical points of three pure fluids (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6; ethane, C2H6; nitrous oxide, N2O) over temperature ranges ¦T-T
c¦ of 0.02 to 50 K and density ranges (/c) of 0.2 to 2 were investigated. In this region the thermal diffusivity shows great variations with temperature and density and cannot be described by means of ideal-gas behavior or relations for liquids. The measurements were carried out along the coexistence curve for both phases, along the critical isochore and along some isotherms with TT
c. The measured or calculated density, pressure, and thermal diffusivity data as well as some correlations are presented. 相似文献
97.
矿岩粉碎全过程能耗-粒度关系的连续损伤理论研究SCIEI 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从连续损伤理论的观点出发,将矿岩粉碎过程描述为在外部荷载作用下矿岩颗粒内部微缺陷(损伤)演化和繁衍的过程。导出了粉碎能耗与产品粒度分布的理论表达式。该式包含了所有传统的理论,同时较传统的能量分配观点前进了一步。 相似文献
98.
为了考虑剪切变形对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)构件屈曲荷载的影响,利用Engesser剪切变形理论,推导考虑剪切变形和初弯曲的临界荷载. 应用于GFRP圆管时,考虑材料各向异性特征对剪切系数及强度的影响. 对4根具有不同长细比的GFRP圆管试件进行轴压试验. 结果表明,GFRP圆管在截面强度估算时应综合考虑轴向纤维压缩破坏和环向基体拉伸破坏. 所推导的临界荷载计算式的结果和试验结果吻合良好. 相似文献
99.
100.
天然气井下节流嘴前后压力温度分布的数值计算 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
针对天然气井安装井下节流装置以后很难测得节流嘴上游压力的情况,从空气动力学的原理出发,提出根据井口采集的数据,从节流嘴下游向上游计算其喉部和上游的压力温度综合值的数值计算方法。采用临界状态判别的新方法,即依据节流嘴出口处的马赫数的值,对节流嘴附近的流态进行判别,再分别计算节流嘴出口处,节流嘴喉部以及节流嘴上游的各参数。对宝1井进行了实例计算,计算结果表明:节流后压力温度骤降,经过激波面后压力温度急剧升高的变化情况。 相似文献