赣杭构造带某铀矿区地下水中铀的存在形式研究北大核心CSCD

为研究铀矿区地下水化学性质对铀的存在形式的影响,本文以赣杭构造带某铀矿区地下水为研究对象,在对9个典型采样点地下水化学成分分析的基础上,采用数理统计软件SPSS 18.0和地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC及llnl.dat数据库,探究了研究区内地下水水化学特征及U的存在形式。结果表明:本研究区地下水水化学类型以HCO_(3)-Na与HCO_(3)-Na·Ca为主,U含量与Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)浓度体现出较强正相关性,与SO_(4)^(2-)的相关性次之;地下水中U元素主要以六价为主,几乎占100%,主要存在形式依次为UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)^(2-)、UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)^(4-)、UO_(2)CO_(3)、UO_(2)(OH)2、UO_(2)(OH)_(3)^(-)、UO_(2)OH^(+)等6种,其中UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)^(2-)占绝对优势,整体以碳酸铀酰形式为主,这也与研究区地下水酸碱性相对应。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铀样品年龄方法研究

铀样品年龄与生产时间密切相关,是核法证学调查核材料来源属性的一个重要参数。本文研究建立了利用²³⁰Th/²³⁴U原子数比测定铀样品年龄的分析方法。分别用²²⁹Th和²³³U稀释剂进行铀样品同位素稀释,利用TEVA树脂对样品中的铀和钍进行分离处理,用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测量²²⁹Th/²³⁰Th和²³³U/²³⁴U原子数比,根据铀年龄计算公式通过²³⁰Th/²³⁴U原子数比可得到样品的铀年龄。采用该方法对CRM U850和U010标准样品进行了年龄测定,结果与美国劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的测量结果一致,但较实际年龄偏大,可能是由于生产时纯化过程不完全,导致有残留的²³⁰Th在样品中。本文所建立的方法可用于铀样品²³⁰Th-²³⁴U模型年龄的测定,为核法证学调查提供重要信息。     

酸化预处理加快浸铀细菌生长速度

对铀矿石进行酸化预处理,然后菌浸。结合对照试验结果,酸化预处理有利于氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌对铀矿石的适应,可以加快其生长速度。     

铀-邻苯二胺配合物的合成及表征

研究了用非盐类的二氧化铀合成配合物的新方法.以邻苯二胺、UO<,2>为原料,在水热条件下合成得到铀-邻苯二胺配合物,并采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、热失重分析等对配合物进行了表征.结果表明,该配合物具有很好的稳定性.     

Adsorption of uranium from sulfate leach liquor using rice straw impregnated with chlorophenyl hydrazinyl pyrazoloquinazolinon

The impregnation of rice straw with 2-amino-3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazinyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8,9-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-6(7H)-one (CPHPQ) has been used for the recovery of uranium from sulfate leach liquor. The uranium adsorption and elution of solvent impregnated mercerized rice straw (SIMRS) were carried out using a batch technique. The uranium adsorption controlling factors include pH, initial uranium concentration, contact time, S/L ratio, and temperature. Thermodynamic characteristics showed that the adsorption process is exothermic with enthalpy change ΔH = ?152.1 kJ/mol. The kinetics data fit well with a pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm. Uranium cake was obtained from the eluate solution using hydrogen peroxide as UO₄.2H₂O precipitate.     

金属有机框架材料吸附分离水中铀的应用

金属有机框架材料（metal-organic frameworks,MOFs）具有极高的比表面积和孔隙率,结构可设计调控,但在水相吸附分离方面存在水稳定和选择吸附性较差、分离困难、合成与再生成本偏高等问题。针对MOFs的缺陷,可以通过有目的的功能化改性从而提升其对目标污染物的吸附性能。本文介绍了MOFs的结构优势,分析了水稳定性的影响因素和判断手段,简述了具有代表性的高水稳定性MOFs材料的特性;根据MOFs改性方法的分类回顾了MOFs及改性MOFs在去除水相中放射性铀的应用;基于不同分析技术探讨了MOFs与铀酰离子的吸附机理;提出推动MOFs在吸附铀方面规模化应用发展的核心是合成高稳定性MOFs,通过改性提高MOFs的选择吸附性能和再生性以及深入研究吸附机理。     

Ionic Competition Effects in a Continuous Uranium Biosorptive Recovery Process

Immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus biomass was studied in a continuous sorption and desorption mode in order to identify factors that affect the long term uranium biosorptive uptake capacity performance of the immobilized biomass. Laboratory-scale continuous operation pilot plant experiments were performed using synthetic uranyl nitrate and industrial uranium mine leachate solutions. Analysis of the liquid solutions indicated that the immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus biomass successfully recovered all of the uranium from the dilute (less than 500 mg U dm⁻³) solutions. All uranium can subsequently be eluted, yielding highly concentrated uranium eluates. The immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus biomass maintained its uranium biosorptive uptake capacity over 12 successive sorption–elution cycles when synthetic uranyl nitrate solutions were used. However, when used with mine leachate solutions, an 18% reduction in the uranium biosorptive uptake capacity occurred within the first four adsorption–elution cycles. Spectral analysis indicated that, during continuous use and reuse, the immobilized biomass retained its structural integrity. EDAX, scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques employed on the microbial biomass suggested that the presence of aluminium interferes with the uranium biosorption process. Spectral analysis also indicated that the presence of silicon enhances the negative effect of the presence of aluminium on the uranium biosorptive uptake capacity of the immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus biomass particles. © 1997 SCI     

黑曲霉产有机酸浸出铀矿石的影响因素

为了解培养基种类、培养温度和pH值等因素对黑曲霉产生的混合有机酸浸出铀矿石的影响,从铀矿山水样中分离、纯化得到了一株真菌--黑曲霉,应用马铃薯-蔗糖培养基（potato sucrose agar,PSA）和葡萄糖-玉米浆培养基(dextrose corn syrup,PCS)进行黑曲霉培养,获得了不同培养温度下产生的pH值不同的黑曲霉产混合有机酸,并将之作为浸出剂用于浸铀实验研究。研究表明,黑曲霉产生的有机酸的主要组分为草酸和柠檬酸等有机酸,培养基种类的不同会影响黑曲霉所产有机酸的浸铀效果,采用PSA培养基培养的黑曲霉产生的有机酸浸铀效果更好（p<0.05）。培养温度和混合有机酸的pH值也会对黑曲霉代谢产物的铀浸出率有显著性影响（p<0.05）,且二者具有交互效应,pH值对铀浸出率的影响相对较大。应用PSA培养基时,最佳培养温度为25℃,最佳代谢产物pH值为2.3;应用PCS培养基时,最佳培养温度为30℃,最佳混合有机酸pH值为2.0。培养基种类、温度和pH值主要通过改变黑曲霉产生的有机酸的成分和含量对铀浸出率产生影响。     

Development of New Cationic Exchangers for the Recovery of Uranium (VI) from Concentrated Phosphoric Acid

The extraction of uranium (VI) from 5.3 mol.L^?1 phosphoric acid with a series of phosphoric, phosphinic, dithiophosphoric, or dithiophosphinic acid derivatives (0.5 mol.L^?1) in mixture with 0.125 mol.L^?1 TOPO in Isane IP 185 has been investigated. In the frame of the present work, eight acidic phosphorus and thiophosphorus compounds have been synthesized: bis(1,3-diisobutoxypropan-2-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(1,3-bis-(butylthio)propan-2-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(5,8,12,15-tetraoxanonadecan-10-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(1-butoxyheptan-2-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(undecan-6-yl) phosphoric acid, bis(2-(1,3-dibutoxypropan-2-yloxy)ethyl) phosphoric acid, bis(3-butoxy-2-(butoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl) phosphinic acid, bis(1,3-dibutoxypropan-2-yl) dithiophosphoric acid. The properties of these molecules in mixtures with TOPO have been compared with those of other extractants such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphoric acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid, Cyanex® 272, and Cyanex® 301. The replacement of phosphoric acid-type extractant by their phosphinic homologues dramatically decreases the affinity for uranium (VI) whereas the replacement of the phosphoric and phosphinic acid-type extractants by their dithio homologues affects positively the distribution coefficient of uranium (VI). It also appears that the steric hindrance effect is responsible for a significant decrease of the distribution coefficient of uranium (VI). Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science and Technology to view the free supplemental file.     

Influence of pH on U(VI) Adsorption using a Thermally-Treated Mg-Al Hydrotalcite and a Natural Zeolite in a Batch System

The capacity of a calcined hydrotalcite and a natural zeolite to remove U(VI) chemical species from both acidic and basic aqueous systems has been investigated. The U(VI) uptake by the calcined hydrotalcite and the natural zeolite was determined to be from 5 to 200 µmolmL^?1 and from 2 to 10 µmolmL^?1, respectively. Uranium was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the remaining solutions. The U(VI) adsorption of both materials was higher in the acidic aqueous system. Independent of the pH of the aqueous media, the [UO₂(CO₃)₃]^4? species play an important role in the regeneration of the original crystalline structure of the HT.