柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设战略研究

盐湖产业事关我国粮食安全,也是新能源和新材料产业的重要支撑。柴达木盆地是中国盐湖产业的核心,建设其产业生态文明重要而迫切。为推进柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设,做强中国盐湖产业,本文从柴达木盐湖产业生态文明建设的现状出发,辨识产业生态文明建设面临的严峻挑战,提出了盐湖产业生态文明建设的四大战略。     

Development and validation of a Re-Modified Work-Style Short Form Questionnaire for assessment of stress in medical practitioners working in Indian hospitals

Medical practitioners are unduly stressed, leading to ill health, loss of work efficiency, sometimes affecting decision-making capability. The present study was conducted with the aim to quantify the psychosocial factors that affect the medical practitioners working in Indian hospitals. This study constructed and validated Re-Modified Work-Style Short Form Questionnaire, an eight-item instrument based on work style of 108 medical practitioners comprising Indian physicians and surgeons. The re-modified tool had acceptable validity and internal consistency, which the modified one did not. Explorative factor analysis identified and labelled three factors: ‘Working through pain’, ‘Deadlines/pressure’ and ‘Self-imposed workload’. The findings of the study reveal that the mean total work style score exceeded the standardised limits ≥16, which suggests that the work style of medical practitioners working in Indian hospitals are at risk which may precipitate psychosocial stress. Factor weights was derived through Analytic Hierarchy Process to prioritise the relative importance of three potential work-style factors. The study may help to increase the preventive strategies to proactively reduce the effect of risk factors for the precipitation of stress, successfully leading to its attenuation.     

Drug self-assembly: A phenomenon at the nanometer scale with major impact in the structure–biological properties relationship and the treatment of disease

Under water-rich conditions, small amphiphilic and hydrophobic drug molecules self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures. Thus, substantial modifications in their interaction with cellular structures and the ability to reach intracellular targets could happen. Additionally, drug aggregates could be more toxic than the non-aggregated counterparts, or vice versa. Moreover, since self-aggregation reduces the number of effective “monomeric” molecules that interact with the target, the drug potency could be underestimated. In other cases, the activity could be ascribed to the non-aggregated molecule while it stems from its aggregates. Thus, drug self-assembly could mislead from drug throughput screening assays to advanced preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, aggregates could serve as crystallization nuclei. The impact that this phenomenon has on the biological performance of active compounds, the inconsistent and often controversial nature of the published data and the need for recommendations/guidelines as preamble of more harmonized research protocols to characterize drug self-aggregation were main motivations for this review. First, the key molecular and environmental parameters governing drug self-aggregation, the main drug families for which this phenomenon and the methods used for its characterization are described. Then, promising nanotechnology platforms investigated to prevent/control it towards a more efficient drug development process are briefly discussed.     

Theoretical analysis of shunting effect in resistance spot welding (RSW) of AA2219

Shunting effect is the loss of electrical current via the secondary circuit provided due to existence of previous nugget in a series of welding spots. This phenomenon is important for products containing intermittent spots. In this study, a theoretical model is developed for shunting effect in resistance spot welding for aluminum alloy 2219. Welding distance together with welding current and time is included in the model to analyze the shunting effect on final nugget quality. Thermal and electrical interactions are considered in the model as well as geometrical aspects of the process. Temperature dependence of material properties, integration through the whole volume of the nugget and heat-affected zone, and assuming a simple cooling mechanism are the most important modifications designated in the proposed theoretical model. Predicted results of nugget diameter are compatible with experimental and finite element analysis results.     

Prediction of color changes in acetaminophen solution using the time–temperature superposition principle

A prediction method for color changes based on the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was developed for acetaminophen solution. Color changes of acetaminophen solution are caused by the degradation of acetaminophen, such as hydrolysis and oxidation. In principle, the TTSP can be applied to only thermal aging. Therefore, the impact of oxidation on the color changes of acetaminophen solution was verified. The results of our experiment suggested that the oxidation products enhanced the color changes in acetaminophen solution. Next, the color changes of acetaminophen solution samples of the same head space volume after accelerated aging at various temperatures were investigated using the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) LAB color space (a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab), following which the TTSP was adopted to kinetic analysis of the color changes. The apparent activation energies using the time–temperature shift factor of a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab were calculated as 72.4, 69.2, 72.3 and 70.9 (kJ/mol), respectively, which are similar to the values for acetaminophen hydrolysis reported in the literature. The predicted values of a*, b*, L* and ΔE*ab at 40?°C were obtained by calculation using Arrhenius plots. A comparison between the experimental and predicted values for each color parameter revealed sufficiently high R² values (>0.98), suggesting the high reliability of the prediction. The kinetic analysis using TTSP was successfully applied to predicting the color changes under the controlled oxygen amount at any temperature and for any length of time.     

字库开发的形态调整规则与设计方法

目的研究新字库开发过程中的形态调整规则及设计方法,提升字库开发的质量。方法基于中国传统书法体与印刷体的美学概念,结合现代信息传播条件下新字库的应用需求,归纳字库开发中的形态调整规则,并剖析在中英文字库产业化研发中的创意设计方法。结论在中英文新字库开发的产业化及规模化过程中,以字体的灰度均衡、重心调节、缩放调整、结构均衡为核心的形态调整规则,是提升产品质量的保证;同时,采用多种设计方法进行整合与推演,能够提升新字库研发的创意效率。     

复合材料应用研究与产业发展建议

先进复合材料相比传统材料具有更加优异的综合性能,已经被广泛地应用到社会多个领域,推动了相关工业领域的向前发展。为了研究复合材料的发展趋势,较为详细地介绍了复合材料在航空航天、汽车制造、能源开发、机械制造等行业领域内的生产加工和应用情况,并以图表的方式展现了复合材料的应用和消费趋势,同时对我国复合材料产业的未来发展提供了一些基本建议。     

定制家具行业现状及标准化研究初探

随着人们对家具产品要求的提高、个性化的追求,定制家具展现了良好的发展潜力.本文介绍了定制家具行业现状,并从通用名称术语、通用设计规范、组合组装标识技术要求、产品质量检验及质量评定、挥发性有害物质现场检测方法等方面进行了标准化研究,通过本研究将加强定制家具的生产和管理,保证家具产品质量,提升我国家具产品的国际竞争力.     

微压测量和校准技术分析与发展趋势

在高精度装备仪器的研制、试验和生产中,微压测量是一项重要且基础的测量技术。本文通过介绍微压测量在实际生产中的广泛应用,凸显出重视微压测量的必要性;通过对目前微压校准仪器的现状与发展趋势的分析和介绍,对未来微压校准的发展进行了展望。     

宁波地区本土工业设计机构发展模式研究

目的发展工业设计是当前我国增强制造业核心竞争力、优化产业结构、转变经济发展方式的手段,也是实施创新驱动发展战略的关键。掌握本土工业设计机构的发展状况,并研究其模式,有助于引导工业设计产业在日益激烈的国际竞争和新一轮工业革命的形势下探索有效的发展途径。方法以长三角地区宁波市的工业设计机构为研究样本,通过实地调研,结合访谈、问卷等方法。结论可以初步发现,在我国制造业发达地区,部分本土工业设计机构正在尝试突破传统的设计服务模式,结合自身资源和不同情况开拓更丰富的业务模式。这种现象显示了未来工业设计机构的发展方向,对本土工业设计持续发展具有启发意义。