Incorporating installation effects into the probability analysis of controlled modulus columns

This technical report presents the probabilistic analysis which integrates the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with random field theory to model the load–displacement behavior of Controlled Modulus Columns (CMCs) in overconsolidated Poznań clay. Presented study focuses on the practical aspects of statistical analysis of geotechnical data, numerical model development, and results evaluation. Variability and spatial distribution of geotechnical parameters are based directly on field and lab testing. The inherent variability of soil parameters obtained from geotechnical investigation at the site is similar to the values reported in worldwide datasets for clays. The extensive discussion about incorporation of installation effects into numerical modelling is made. It was found that proper incorporation of installation effects is governed by correct estimation of initial stress level and interface shear strength parameters. The Anisotropic Undrained Shear Strength (AUS) model which captures nonlinear behavior and anisotropy of soil (Krabbenhøft et al., 2019) is a good choice to model overconsolidated clay in intact and interface zones. The application of total stress approach, the AUS model, installation effects, and natural (inherent) variability of soil and interface parameters is sufficient to explain differences in CMC load – displacement behavior observed in the field.     

In-situ horizontal cyclic loading tests on composite foundation composed of soilbags and piles

The authors have been developing a new composite foundation composed of piles and soilbags. The foundation is characterized by the laying of soilbags between the pile heads and the footing on which a superstructure stands. The expected effect of the foundation is to cut off the fixed connection between the piles and the footing in order to reduce the bending moment of the piles and the response acceleration of the structure. In this study, in-situ horizontal cyclic loading tests were conducted on the proposed composite foundation with two piles to investigate the seismic response characteristics of the foundation at real scale. It was found from the tests that the horizontal force reached its peak due to the uplift of the footing during horizontal loading, and that larger hysteresis damping was obtained than that of spread foundations due to the hysteresis effect in the shear deformation of the soilbags. As for the sectional force of the piles and the vertical stress inside the soilbags, it was found that the axial force and bending moment of the piles concentrated on the pile on the front side in the loading direction, and that the vertical stresses inside the soilbags concentrated just above the pile head on the front side in the loading direction. Although residual horizontal displacement and settlement occurred due to the cyclic load, little damage to the soilbags was observed.     

Cyclic behavior of full-scale reinforced high-strength recycled aggregate concrete columns

In order to expand the application of high-strength recycled concrete, five full-scale square high-strength recycled concrete columns (600 × 600 mm) were tested under the experimental axial compression ratio (ACR) of 0.54. The seismic behavior of reinforced high-strength recycled aggregate concrete columns under high ACR and the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio and ACR on the seismic behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the high-strength recycled concrete columns have potential to collapse-resistance capacity subjected to strong earthquakes. Under the similar concrete strengths, the mechanical properties of high-strength recycled aggregate concrete columns and ordinary concrete columns were comparable even under high ACR. As the ACR increased from 0.35 to 0.54, the bearing capacity increased by up to 12.6%, while the ductility decreased by up to 32.8%. The specimens with 100% RCA were more sensitive to ACR than those with 50% RCA. A four-fold restoring force model considering the effects of axial load, reinforcement ratio, shear span, and RCA replacement ratio was established, which was in good agreement with the experimental curves.     

循环荷载作用下土拱效应的离散元研究

基于室内Trapdoor模型试验,采用PFC2D研究了循环荷载作用下不同路堤高度的土拱效应,从力链和位移的角度对路堤内土拱结构、填料移动的变化规律进行了宏观和微观分析。结果表明:抗扭转模型可以较好地模拟以铝棒相似土作为填料的Trapdoor试验; 在循环荷载作用下路堤内形成的土拱结构发生破坏,土拱效应得到削弱,土拱结构的破坏主要发生在初始加载阶段,并且在这个阶段高路堤底部土拱结构比低路堤受到外部荷载的影响要小; 随着加载的进行,路堤内部形成了新的稳定受力结构并基本保持不变; 在循环加载过程中低路堤加载板两侧的力链结构受到的影响和扰动比高路堤的大; 在循环荷载作用下,路堤表面发生了沉降,其中塑性位移主要发生在初始加载阶段,之后产生的几乎是弹性位移; 高路堤加载板两侧土体相较于低路堤在第一次加载时更不容易产生横向位移被挤向两端,加载板的竖向位移减少,从而减少加载板对底部土体的影响,使得路堤底部的土拱结构更不容易被影响。     

Effect of roughness on the shear behavior of rock joints subjected to impact loading

The shear behavior is regarded as the dominant property of rock joints and is dramatically affected by the joint surface roughness. To date, the effect of surface roughness on the shear behavior of rock joints under static or cyclic loading conditions has been extensively studied, but such effect under impact loading conditions keeps unclear. To address this issue, a series of impact shear tests was performed using a novel-designed dynamic experimental system combined with the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The dynamic shear strength, deformability and failure mode of the jointed specimens with various joint roughness coefficients (JRC) are comprehensively analyzed. Results show that the shear strength and shear displacement characteristics of the rock joint under the impact loading keep consistent with those under static loading conditions. However, the temporal variations of shear stress, slip displacement and normal displacement under the impact loading conditions show obviously different behaviors. An elastic rebound of the slip displacement occurs during the impact shearing and its value increases with increasing joint roughness. Two identifiable stages (i.e. compression and dilation) are observed in the normal displacement curves for the rougher rock joints, whereas the joints with small roughness only manifest normal compression displacement. Besides, as the roughness increases, the maximum compression tends to decrease, while the maximum dilation gradually increases. Moreover, the microstructural analysis based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggests that the roughness significantly affects the characteristics of the shear fractured zone enclosing the joint surface.     

正交胶合木销槽承压强度试验研究

正交胶合木(CLT)是一种绿色建材,具有可预制和正交各向异性等特点,应用前景非常广阔,而目前关于CLT力学参数的研究还处于起步阶段。通过对64组共计128个加拿大铁杉CLT试件开展半孔静力加载试验,得到试件的竖向荷载-位移曲线、破坏模态和销槽承压强度,分析了销栓直径、销栓与拼缝的位置关系、加载角度等多种变量对CLT销槽承压强度的影响。结果表明：销栓直径越小,销槽承压强度越大,销栓垂直于表层板且加载角度为90°时,拼缝降低了销槽承压强度,销栓垂直于表层板的承压强度大于销栓平行于表层板的承压强度。将试验结果分别与加拿大规范CSA O86-19、美国规范NDS-2018、美国CLT手册和《正交胶合木（CLT）结构技术指南》中销槽承压强度计算公式得到的计算结果进行对比,得到试验值与采用规范/手册相关公式计算结果的比值为0.46~2.38。在试验结果的基础上,对上述规范中销槽承压强度计算方法进行整合,汇总了适用于多种工况下加拿大铁杉CLT销槽承压强度的建议公式,试验值与建议公式计算值比值区间在1.10~1.57。     

不锈钢复合芯板剪切型摩擦消能器试验研究

为了解决传统摩擦消能器性能不稳定、价格昂贵等问题,研发了一种以双面不锈钢复合钢板为芯板的剪切型摩擦消能器。该消能器由复合钢板的不锈钢复层与石棉摩擦片组成耗能摩擦副,通过碟形弹簧和预压螺栓调节滑动摩擦面承受的面压力。提出了消能器极限位移、极限荷载和面压力等试验关键指标的计算方法。对3个消能器进行低周往复加载试验,考察其滞回曲线、耗能能力、极限破坏特征及疲劳性能。结果表明：采用不锈钢复合芯板的剪切型摩擦消能器构造合理,滞回性能稳定,耗能能力良好,抗疲劳性能优异。设计位移幅值下累积加载90次,消能器承载力不下降,滞回性能稳定。低周疲劳作用下芯板不同材质复合界面性能可靠,不锈钢复合板可用作摩擦消能器的芯板。     

万吨级多功能试验系统的研制与应用

近年来,新型、复杂、巨型结构不断涌现,给设计和施工带来了巨大挑战,而现有试验设备的加载能力和加载空间均无法满足抗震试验的加载要求,尺寸效应问题突出。为此,从大吨位基座超高精度安装及控制技术、试件脆断安全保护技术、移动横梁大行程自动调整与锁紧技术、微摩擦平面静压轴承技术、超冗余并联驱动控制技术和瞬时大流量技术等6方面进行攻关,研制出万吨级多功能试验系统,可实现巨型柱、巨型剪力墙等大型结构构件的六自由度加载和大型隔震支座的高速动态测试。基于研发设备,已顺利开展足尺加压成型钢管混凝土叠合柱轴压试验、钢管混凝土巨柱轴压及压剪试验、CAP1400三维隔震系统原型三向滞回加载等10余项大型试验,研究成果可为建筑、桥梁、核电能源等多个领域的关键技术提供数据支撑。     

端部配置无黏结钢筋的钢板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能

为了提高钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能和可恢复性能,提出一种端部配置无黏结钢筋的钢板混凝土组合剪力墙,通过无黏结高强钢筋为墙体提供恢复力。进行了4个剪跨比2.28的钢板混凝土组合剪力墙低周反复荷载试验,分析了端部配置无黏结高强钢筋对试件的破坏形态、滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能能力和可恢复性能的影响。试验结果表明：端部配置无黏结钢筋的钢板混凝土组合剪力墙最终发生压弯破坏,破坏截面应变基本符合平截面假定;端部配置无黏结高强钢筋提高了钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的承载力、变形能力、初始刚度和耗能能力;在内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙端部配置无黏结高强钢筋可减轻受压区混凝土的破坏程度,减小墙体残余变形和裂缝宽度,具有较好的可恢复性能。给出了端部配置无黏结钢筋钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的水平承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验结果符合较好,误差在15%以内。     

裂隙岩体在单轴加载过程中变形、破裂规律的PFC2D数值模拟研究

运用离散元软件PFC2D模拟裂隙岩体,建立一个包含不同倾角、不同组数,宽度5cm、厚度1mm裂隙的10cm×10cm模型,分析单轴加载情况下岩体的变形、破裂规律。结果显示,在单轴加载情况下,随着倾角的增加,岩体的单轴抗压强度出现先减后增的趋势,且裂纹不断增多;随着裂隙的增多,单轴抗压强度逐渐减小。岩体的破裂区集中在裂隙的尖端点部位,以翼裂纹、次生共面裂纹和次生倾斜斜纹为主。通过分析破裂后岩体的颗粒速度分布,从微观层面发现岩体破坏的主要形式及破裂原因。