预制乌鳢鱼片的微波熟化工艺

该实验以预制乌鳢背部肌肉为研究对象,分析其在160、320、480、640和800 W的微波功率加热处理下温度分布、熟化度、感官评分、质构及水分子分布的变化,优化预制鱼片的微波熟化工艺参数。结果表明,微波功率为160、320、480、640和800 W下鱼肉在70～80℃之间鱼肉已完全熟化,通过熟化度、感官评价确定不同微波功率由低到高相应的最佳熟化时间分别在8、6、4、3和2 min,其对应最小剪切力为67.85、51.9、63.70、71.39、66.44 g。随着样品表面温度不断升高,肌肉蛋白变性,肌肉对水的束缚能力下降,自由水比例不断升高,鱼肉的剪切力整体呈先上升后下降的趋势。综合熟化度、感官评分、质构分析和水分子分布的结果,640 W处理3 min,鱼肉完全熟化,剪切力最高,其鱼肉嫩度最受欢迎,感官评分最佳,为预制乌鳢鱼片最适微波熟化参数。     

Integrating superstructure-based design of molecules,processes, and flowsheets

The key to many chemical and energy conversion processes is the choice of the right molecule, for example, used as working fluid. However, the choice of the molecule is inherently coupled to the choice of the right process flowsheet. In this work, we integrate superstructure-based flowsheet design into the design of processes and molecules. The thermodynamic properties of the molecule are modeled by the PC-SAFT equation of state. Computer-aided molecular design enables considering the molecular structure as degree of freedom in the process optimization. To consider the process flowsheet as additional degree of freedom, a superstructure of the process is used. The method results in the optimal molecule, process, and flowsheet. We demonstrate the method for the design of an organic Rankine cycle considering flowsheet options for regeneration, reheating, and turbine bleeding. The presented method provides a user-friendly tool to solve the integrated design problem of processes, molecules, and process flowsheets.     

基于功率型LED的在体整体荧光光学成像

用发光二极管（LED）替代常用的荧光激发光源汞灯,以实现基于LED的整体荧光光学成像（简称整体成像）。首先通过光谱计算分析,探讨了在不同波段与汞灯激发的荧光量相当时LED需要输出的光通量。以此为依据选择LED,构建了基于功率型LED的整体成像系统,用其动态监测绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的肿瘤在裸鼠体内生长和药物治疗过程。实验表明,功率型LED可在类似于整体成像需要较大光功率的场合中应用。光源替代时,若两光源的光谱在选择的波段内分布不一样,则有必要考虑不同波长的光激发荧光效率差异的影响。     

Total Electron Detachment and Induced Cationic Fragmentation Cross Sections for Superoxide Anion (O2−) Collisions with Benzene (C6H6) Molecules

In this study, novel experimental total electron detachment cross sections for O₂⁻ collisions with benzene molecules are reported for the impact energy range (10–1000 eV), as measured with a transmission beam apparatus. By analysing the positively charged species produced during the collision events, relative total ionisation cross sections were derived in the incident energy range of 160–900 eV. Relative partial ionisation cross sections for fragments with m/z ≤ 78 u were also given in this energy range. We also confirmed that heavier compounds (m/z > 78 u) formed for impact energies between 550 and 800 eV. In order to further our knowledge about the collision dynamics governing the fragmentation of such heavier molecular compounds, we performed molecular dynamics calculations within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). These results demonstrated that the fragmentation of these heavier compounds strongly supports the experimental evidence of m/z = 39–42, 50, 60 (u) cations formation, which contributed to the broad local maximum in the total ionisation observed from 550 to 800 eV. This work reveals the reactivity induced by molecular anions colliding with hydrocarbons at high energies, processes that can take place in the interstellar medium under various local conditions.     

锂离子交换ZSM-5型分子筛中水分子吸附特性的分子模拟

用巨正则系综Monte Carlo(grand canonical assemblage Monte Carlo,GCMC)模拟方法计算了水在HZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附热,计算结果与文献报道的实验结果吻合得较好.模拟了水在经锂离子(Li )交换后的ZSM-5型分子筛上的吸附等温线.在此基础上,进一步预测了水在不同硅铝摩尔(下同)比的LinZSM-5型分子筛中的吸附性质.计算结果显示:分子筛骨架上的硅铝比显著影响水的吸附量和等温吸附曲线,随着硅铝比的减小,分子筛中的自由体积减小,对水的吸附量增加.水分子的主要吸附位置是在Li 和铝原子的周围,LinZSM-5型分子筛中存在着1个主要的吸附位点.Li 等金属阳离子的交换能有效降低水的吸附热.在吸附量相同的条件下,水的吸附热随着硅铝比的升高而降低.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的助留助滤性能

将自制的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺用于麦草浆的助留助滤实验，并与进口产品进行了对比，探讨了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的分子量、阳离子单体含量和用量等因素对助留助滤的影响，得出了较适宜的数值范围。     

新型钒系Ziegler-Natta乙烯聚合催化剂制备宽/双峰分布聚乙烯

采用格氏试剂法合成了氯化镁载体,并分别担载四氯化钛和四氯化钒制备出含有钛和钒活性中心的载体型高效聚乙烯催化剂。钒系催化剂的活性与钛系催化剂相近,但是其氢调敏感性更高,而且钒系催化剂所生产的聚乙烯产品具有较宽的相对分子质量分布和较高的甲基支化密度。提出了钒系催化剂体系中形成高支化度聚乙烯的反应机理。     

Single Molecule Studies on Dynamics in Liquid Crystals

Single molecule (SM) methods are able to resolve structure related dynamics of guest molecules in liquid crystals (LC). Highly diluted small dye molecules on the one hand explore structure formation and LC dynamics, on the other hand they report about a distortion caused by the guest molecules. The anisotropic structure of LC materials is used to retrieve specific conformation related properties of larger guest molecules like conjugated polymers. This in particular sheds light on organization mechanisms within biological cells, where large molecules are found in nematic LC surroundings. This review gives a short overview related to the application of highly sensitive SM detection schemes in LC.     

高分子微孔精密过滤技术在化工生产中的应用

分析了液体精密过滤技术存在的问题,介绍了新型高分子微孔精密过滤技术的特点以及过滤工程的基本设计计算;通过工程实例,论述了精密澄清技术在合成氨净化系统的应用。