氟化活性炭纤维对极性分子的吸附

将活性炭纤维（ACF）与氟气反应制备出氟化活性炭纤维（FACF），根据将FACF与参照试样XPS的对比，碳原子是以sp^3杂化轨道同氟原子形成共健键。αs图分析氮吸附等温线的线果表明，ACF氟化后其比表面积和微孔容积都显著降低，微孔宽度基本不变，ACF的水吸附等温线呈V型，而FACF对水的吸附量极小；FACF的微孔表面具有完美的憎水性和高稳定性，乙醇和甲醇在ACF上的吸附等温线是Ⅰ型，在FACF上接近于Ⅰ型，但吸附量显著降低。     

离子—分子反应及其在质谱分析中的应用

利用离子—分子反应 ,不仅可以提供分子离子峰 ,而且可以提高检测的灵敏度 ,了解分子的结构特征。本文根据离子—分子反应的机理 ,介绍了金属离子的亲和力的测定方法和金属离子在化合物上的加合位点 ,并阐述了离子—分子反应在化学电离质谱 ( CI-MS)、碱金属离子化学电离质谱 ( ACI-MS)、电喷雾电离质谱 ( ESI-MS)、快原子轰击质谱 ( FAB-MS)、以及基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱 ( MALDI-MS)中的应用     

一种聚合物水化分子形态的环境扫描电镜观测方法

聚合物、交联聚合物、凝胶等含水样品水化分子形态呈链状、线团状及网状等结构,这些样品由于有大量水的存在,不能用普通扫描电镜直接观察,而干燥后的样品又容易导致聚合物分子缩聚。本文介绍利用环境扫描电镜,简单有效的观察聚合物、凝胶等含水样品的水化分子微观形态的实验方法。     

CKC新型混凝土抗冲撞材料生产性试验研究及展望

 船闸的耐久性一直是水利水电领域研究的重要课题,而船闸闸墙混凝土受过往船只的碰撞、摩擦容易受到破坏,形成擦痕,这不仅极大地影响到了船闸的耐久性,并影响其美观。通过对国内外现有部分工程材料的技术资料和使用情况的调研,选择具有环氧树脂和聚氨酯分子链段结构的特殊树脂为基体,初步制备出了CKC系列新型防护修补材料,并在三峡工程五级永久船闸现场进行了生产性科学试验研究。由于CKC系列新型防护修补材料特殊的分子结构,使它既具有环氧树脂硬度高、粘结性强的特点,又具有聚氨酯的韧性和耐磨性的特点。通过2次半年期与一年期的检测,闸墙修补的CKC材料基本完好无损。     

Small Molecules Targeting Programmed Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells

Targeted chemotherapy has become the forefront for cancer treatment in recent years. The selective and specific features allow more effective treatment with reduced side effects. Most targeted therapies, which include small molecules, act on specific molecular targets that are altered in tumour cells, mainly in cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, lymphoma and leukaemia. With the recent exponential progress in drug development, programmed cell death, which includes apoptosis and autophagy, has become a promising therapeutic target. The research in identifying effective small molecules that target compensatory mechanisms in tumour cells alleviates the emergence of drug resistance. Due to the heterogenous nature of breast cancer, various attempts were made to overcome chemoresistance. Amongst breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of particular interest due to its heterogeneous nature in response to chemotherapy. TNBC represents approximately 15% of all breast tumours, however, and still has a poor prognosis. Unlike other breast tumours, signature targets lack for TNBCs, causing high morbidity and mortality. This review highlights several small molecules with promising preclinical data that target autophagy and apoptosis to induce cell death in TNBC cells.     

Modelling of solvent positions around polar groups in proteins

Previous analysis of the distribution of experimental solventmolecule positions around amino acid side chains showed thatdistinct clustering occurred close to polar or charged atomsin proteins. We have used those data to predict likely solventpositions around proteins not used in our initial analysis.We envisage that this algorithm, AQUARIUS, will be useful forfinding solvent positions in electron density maps generatedby protein crystallography and as useful starting positionsfor solvent molecules in computer simulation studies of macromolecules.     

Study of DNA Origami Dimerization and Dimer Dissociation Dynamics and of the Factors that Limit Dimerization

Organizing DNA origami building blocks into higher order structures is essential for fabrication of large structurally and functionally diverse devices and molecular machines. Unfortunately, the yields of origami building block attachment reactions are typically not sufficient to allow programed assembly of DNA devices made from more than a few origami building blocks. To investigate possible reasons for these low yields, a detailed single‐molecule fluorescence study of the dynamics of rectangular origami dimerization and origami dimer dissociation reactions is conducted. Reactions kinetics and yields are investigated at different origami and ion concentrations, for different ion types, for different lengths of bridging strands, and for the “sticky end” and “weaving welding” attachment techniques. Dimerization yields are never higher than 86%, which is typical for such systems. Analysis of the dynamic data shows that the low yield cannot be explained by thermodynamic instability or structural imperfections of the origami constructs. Atomic force microscopy and gel electrophoresis evidence reveal self‐dimerization of the origami monomers, likely via blunt‐end interactions made possible by the presence of bridging strands. It is suggested that this mechanism is the major factor that inhibits correct dimerization and means to overcome it are discussed.     

改性脂类分子自组装微管模板的制备及金属化

利用联乙炔基甘油磷脂酰乙二醇分子自组装制备了脂类微管,并以该脂类微管为模板,在其表面化学沉积制备了镀镍金属微管。SEM和TEM观察表明,自组装微管的生成率很高,脂类微管呈弯曲螺旋结构,具有很高的长径比,平均长度为380μm,平均直径为110 nm;金属微管表面相对致密,平均长度为120μm,平均直径为210 nm。XRD分析结果表明,镍镀层为非晶态结构。金属微管可用作载体包埋海洋防污剂或药物,控制它们的释放,可望用于新型功能材料的开发。     

Old and New Blood Markers in Human Colorectal Cancer

Cancer is a predominant cause of mortality all over the world. Lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are the more frequent in men while breast and colorectal have a high incidence in women. Major progress aside, some cancers are still frequent and one major issue is improvements in detection methods. Imaging techniques have a major role, but inflammatory, tumoral markers and calculated scores may contribute to the assessment of prognosis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) have been used for decades and do not have a clear use for diagnosis or prognosis yet. The CEACAM family includes 12 human members, and some of them have a cluster differentiation (CD). CD66 may be an interesting indicator of disease severity. Beside interleukin-6 (IL-6), the high level of which is observed in patients with a high mortality rate, other cytokines IL-17A, IL-22, and transforming growth factor -β (TGF-β) are expressed at the tumor level. The detection of circulating tumor cells has been improved but is still of undetermined value. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was recently studied in CRC stage II patients and may be helpful for chemotherapy management.