Entitlement and justice

Abstract

Drawing on interviews with people living and working in ‘disadvantaged’ Australian suburbs, this article focuses on how disadvantaged people must prove ‘entitlement’, most often through a stylised performance of ‘undeserved’ suffering which in turn reinforces a definition of need based upon character. These stylised narratives of suffering, and the stories of heroism which complement them, emerge from a local ‘war of words’. The article argues that these stories are a complex and difficult resource for urban analysts and that other, more submerged, narratives must also be incorporated in any account of poverty and injustice.     

Conceptions of justice in the planning of the new urban landscape – Recent changes in the comprehensive planning discourse in Malmö, Sweden

The Swedish Planning and Building Act (PBL) from 1987, revised in 2011, stipulates that an important task of comprehensive planning is to secure both substantive and procedural justice. However, because of the municipal planning monopoly, the individual municipalities are free to decide how these goals can best be achieved. This article focuses on the ways interpretations of justice have changed over a 10-year period in one selected municipality, Malmö in southern Sweden. Analyses of the comprehensive planning discourse in this municipality reveal that when it comes to substantive justice, discussions of structural inequality and segregation have gradually been replaced by discussions of social cohesion, while at the same time discussions of procedural justice and the need to create public spheres in which underprivileged groups are allowed a voice, have been replaced by discussions of open public spaces, allowing different groups to see each other. Though the issue of social justice seems to be downplayed in the urban planning discourse for the time being, counterforces within city administration are questioning the prevailing line of development.     

罗尔斯公平观视角下的美国城市更新策略研究——以亚特兰大环线再开发为例

近年来,美国一些以城市更新为导向的大型景观项目因其巨大的规模和尺度、多元的利益相关方以及所产生的积极社会效应而受到广泛关注,如纽约高线公园、亚特兰大环线。这些景观项目除关注空间设计品质外,相较传统更新实践更加重视利益分配、社会参与以及景观服务可达性等社会公平议题。基于罗尔斯公平理论的视角,系统分析了以亚特兰大环线项目为代表的美国城市更新策略,重点探讨了程序正义、重叠共识、结果正义的实现方法和形式,以期对中国当下的城市更新提供参考与借鉴。     

公平责任之"公平性"质疑

公平责任在司法实践中的运用已是不争的事实。但学界却存在关于公平责任的争论。通过对公平内涵的再认识,对公平责任与过错责任和无过错责任的区别,作者认为“公平责任”并不真正“公平”。它体现的更多的是“秩序”而不是“公平”。建议将“公平责任”改称“衡平责任”,以避免概念理解上的混乱。     

基于分布式组态技术的沉淀罐界面远程智能测控系统

设计一种基于光电池的核废料沉淀罐沉淀界面位置检测装置,采用分布式组态PLC系统作为控制终端,继电器控制回路作为冗余控制系统.现场从站通过PROFIBUS总线与主站相连,PLC与上位机之间通过串口进行通信.信号在上位机服务器中实现了智能化标定.传感器的自校准大大减小了系统误差和环境误差对信号的影响,提高了系统的精度与稳定性.局域网内的Clients通过DataSocket获取数据,在用户界面上对现场情况进行模拟和监控.     

Food allergy,a summary of eight cases in the UK criminal and civil courts: effective last resort for vulnerable consumers?

Food allergy has a forensic context. The authors describe eight cases in the UK courts involving fatalities, personal injury or criminal non‐compliance with food law from mainly ‘grey’ literature sources. The potentially severe consequences for people with food allergy of contraventions of labelling law have led to enforcement action up to criminal prosecution for what might otherwise be regarded as ‘trivial’ non‐compliance. The authors suggest there should be central collation of such cases. Non‐compliances should be followed up in a more rapid and robust manner. Evidence of fraud in the catering supply chain supports recent calls for zero tolerance of food fraud. Businesses must guard against gaps in allergen management, for which there are readily available sources of training and guidance, but also against fraudulent substitution in the supply chain, about which training and guidance should be developed. New allergen labelling legislation and case law appear to place responsibility on food businesses even for the forensically problematic area of allergen cross‐contamination. The courts can be an effective last resort for vulnerable consumers; however, there is evidence of knowledge and skill gaps in both the investigation and prosecution of potentially serious incidents of food allergen mismanagement and mislabelling. Thorough investigation of food allergy deaths is required with a tenacious and skilled approach, including early realisation that samples of the food and/or stomach contents from a post mortem examination should be retained and analysed. The supply chain must be rigorously examined to find out where adulteration or contamination with the fatal allergen occurred. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Between ‘Platial’ Imaginations and Spatial Rationalities: Navigating Justice and Law in the Low Countries

During the past two decades, landscape has frequently been conceptualized as a distancing way of seeing space. This conceptualization is normally traced back to the rise of capitalism and various modes of artistic representation, notably in the early modern Netherlands or the northern Low Countries. Yet recent scholarly interventions have asserted that landscape in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe was more than a distant scenery or an artistic mode of representation. Landscape also animated practices and ideologies of political representation, platial justice and custom. The platial notion of landscape and related concepts in the northern Low Countries around 1600 is focused upon, bringing out the intimate relationships between land, water and diverging ideals and practices of justice. It is argued that artistic landscape representation provided ways to reflect upon spatio-political developments in the Netherlands. Finally, there is a brief consideration of how these theoretical and historical issues resonate with modern thinking about landscape in physical planning.     

从美国《国家科学教育标准》看化学教学改革的发展

美国《国家科学教育标准》自发布以来一直是美国科学教育改革的推动力,并在一定程度上预示了整个科学课程改革的发展趋势。综观标准中科学课程教学的改革与发展,我们认为未来化学改革的发展趋势可以概括为“探究、公正、协作”,尤以探究为核心,并分别从这三个方面进行了详细阐述。     

公众参与城市规划的伦理意蕴

城市规划是人类的一项有意识有目的的活动。它不仅是技术的或工具的,也是伦理的或规范的。作为政府公共政策的一部分,城市规划合法性的社会基础只能来自于公众对城市规划的参与与支持。目前,我国城市规划存在的合法性危机本质上是公共利益缺失的危机和公正原则难于实现的危机。化解这种合法性危机的根本出路在于重建合法性的社会基础——公众对城市规划的参与。     

利用VB开发分布式监控系统

介绍用分布式模块与VB共同开发的监控系统。