Linear discharge model,power losses and overall efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell with thin film samarium doped ceria electrolyte. Part I: Linear discharge model

In this work, a solid oxide fuel cell with 60 μm samarium doped ceria film as the electrolyte is fabricated with a co-pressing technique. The performance of the cell is measured at 600, 650 and 700 °C. The corresponding maximum power outputs are 236, 331 and 401 mW cm^?2, respectively. The measured current–voltage (I–V) curves are straight lines. A linear discharge model is derived based on the Gorelov and Liu modified electromotive force (EMF) equations. The model fits the measured I–V curves with the maximum errors less than 1.5%. The overall activation overpotential of the cell is therefore postulated to be proportional to the polarization current.     

H2 and CH4 oxidation on Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9 infiltrated SrMoO3–yttria-stabilized zirconia anode for solid oxide fuel cells

Strontium molybdate (SrMoO₃) as an electronic conductor was incorporated with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to form an anode scaffold for solid oxide fuel cells. Gd_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 (GDC) nanoparticles were introduced by wet impregnation to complete the Ni-free GDC infiltrated SrMoO₃–YSZ anode fabrication. The effects of SrMoO₃ on the electrode conductivity and GDC infiltration on the catalytic activity were examined. A pronounced performance improvement was observed both on wet H₂ and CH₄ oxidation for the 56 wt.% GDC infiltrated SrMoO₃–YSZ. In particular, the polarization resistance decreased from 8 Ω cm² to 0.5 Ω cm² under wet H₂ (3% H₂O) at 800 °C with the introduction of GDC. Under wet CH₄ at 900 °C, a maximum power density of 160 mW cm⁻² was obtained and no carbon deposition was observed on the anode. It was found that the addition of H₂O in the anode caused an increase of electrode ohmic resistance and a decrease of open circuit voltage. Redox cycling stability was investigated and only a slight drop in cell performance was observed after 5 cycles. These results suggest that GDC infiltrated SrMoO₃–YSZ is a promising anode material for solid oxide fuel cells.     

In:Fe:LiNbO_3晶体波导基片光折变性能的研究

采用Czochralski技术生长了掺In摩尔分数分别为1%,2%和3%的In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体。测试In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的红外光谱发现:3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的OH-吸收峰由Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的3484cm-1位移到3507cm-1。首次以全息法研究了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度。研究表明:晶体波导基片的光折变灵敏度大小顺序为Fe∶LiNbO3>1%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3>2%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3>3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3。采用锂空位模型讨论了3%In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体OH-吸收峰位移的机理。讨论了In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体波导基片光折变灵敏度减弱和抗光折变能力增强的机理。     

高温闪烁晶体Ce:YAlO3开裂现象的分析

对提拉法生长的Ce;YAIO3(简称为Ce：YAP)晶体的开裂现象进行了研究,认为引起开裂的主要内在因素是YAP晶体热膨胀系数的各向异性。研究了Ce：YAP晶体的[010],[101],[121]等几个主要方向在30～800℃范围内的热膨胀系数曲线。结果表明：沿[010]和[101]方向的膨胀系数相差最大。通过对晶体中热应力分布的计算,得出晶棱显露处为应力集中点,指出晶体容易产生开裂的方向是[010]和[101]。通过对晶体的显微形貌观察发现,晶体中存在微裂纹。晶体的各向异性热膨胀系数,晶体生长过程中大的温度梯度以及快的降温速率等是Ce：YAP晶体产生开裂的主要原因。     

黄金掺铱制品的金相研究

采用金相制样的方法对黄金掺铱制品进行处理,在金相显微镜下可以观察到样品中铱的形态。这一方法可为黄金掺铱制品的快速检测提供支持。     

铈和铂掺杂钙钛矿催化剂的第一性原理研究

用醇盐法制备了铈和铂元素掺杂的钙钛矿催化材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对材料进行了表征。结果表明,催化材料颗粒均匀,直径约30 nm,以钙钛矿(CaTiO3)和烧绿石(Ca2Ti2O6)共存,铈和铂元素分散均匀并形成掺杂的固溶体结构。构建了Pt(111)和铂铈原子替代钛原子的钙钛矿掺杂模型,并采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对CaTixPtyCezO3材料的形成能、态密度和吸附性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,CaTi0.9Pt0.05Ce0.05O3对NH3的吸附能与Pt(111)最接近,掺杂使体系吸附能降低,有利于氨氧化催化的吸附和脱附。     

掺银TiO2复合薄膜的制备和光催化性能的研究

研究了通过ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ工艺在普通玻璃表面制备均匀透明的掺银锐钛矿型ＴｉＯ２光催化复合薄膜。研究表明：ＴｉＯ２复合薄膜由ＴｉＯ２球形颗粒组成,其颗粒大小在５０ｎｍ～１００ｎｍ;薄膜的厚度每镀一次增加约０．０９μｍ;薄膜中出现的锐钛矿在（１０１）面具有一定的择优取向。甲基橙水溶液的光催化降解实验表明：掺银ＴｉＯ２复合薄膜的表观降解速率常数明显高于未掺银ＴｉＯ２薄膜的表现降解速率常数,这为进一步提高ＴｉＯ２薄膜的光催化活性开辟了新的途径。     

TiO2薄膜结构及氧敏性研究

利用溶胶．凝胶技术制备了TiO2氧敏薄膜，通过氧化物掺杂和贵金属的表面修饰，在空气气氛下烧结氧敏薄膜a结果表明：600℃～800℃下处理的薄膜是以金红石为主晶相及少量锐钛矿的混合晶型，随着温度升高锐钛矿减少，900℃时锐钛矿相的峰基本消失：800℃下处理的薄膜灵敏度明显高于600℃和900℃下处理的薄膜灵敏度。W，Ce氧化物掺杂促进TiO2薄膜微量氧化还原，增加催化反应活性，使薄膜的氧气灵敏度有明显提高：以Pd对W-TiO2薄膜进行表面修饰，使薄膜的阻温特性得到了明显提高。     

Er3+:Yb3+:Y3Al5O12单晶中Er3+离子光谱参数的计算

采用提拉法生长出光学质量的Er3 :Yb3 :Y3Al5O12(YAG)单晶,测定了晶体的吸收光谱和上转换荧光光谱,根据Judd-Ofelt理论,计算出Er3 在YAG晶体中的强度参数Ω2=1.074 1×10-20cm2,Ω4=1.295 3×1020cm2,Ω6=0.923 8×1020cm2.由此得到部分波段跃迁的荧光分支比、辐射寿命和积分发射截面积.提出将679 nm波段的4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁作为激光输出进一步研究的新通道.     

非金属掺杂改性二氧化钛光催化剂研究进展

采用掺杂金属离子或非金属离子可增强TiO2光催化材料可见光响应能力.金属离子掺杂往往牺牲其紫外光区催化能力,而采用非金属掺杂不仅能够增强其可见光响应能力,且保持紫外区光催化活性,非金属离子掺杂将是TiO2光催化改性的重要方法.综述了近年来采用非金属离子掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂的最新研究.