并联式波形控制对熔滴过渡的影响

为改善弧焊过程的动特性,减少飞溅,对一种并联式IGBT波形控制器的波控特性进行了实验研究,研究了该波形控制器对焊接过程焊机动特性的影响,并分析了波控参数对焊接熔滴过渡过程的影响.结果表明:并联式波控是一种低成本的、降低飞溅的有效方法,可以优化焊接电流的波形,抑制短路末期的峰值电流,确保短路末期液桥的柔顺破断,削弱燃弧初期电弧对熔池的冲击.     

Kinetics of droplet growth in liquid—liquid phase separation of polymer—diluent systems: experimental results

Liquid—liquid thermally induced phase separation of the polymer—diluent system isotactic poly(propylene)—diphenyl ether was studied under an optical microscope. It was found that as the system phase separated, droplets of a diluent-rich phase formed within a polymer-rich matrix. These droplets grew in size and decreased in number by a process known as coarsening. The scaling exponent relating droplet diameter and time was determined. The scaling exponent was found to be a strong function of the droplet phase volume fraction, and this strong dependence on volume fraction was relatively insensitive to temperature. The influence of the ratio of interfacial tension between the phases and the viscosity of the matrix phase was less significant on the growth rate of the droplets.     

液-液水力旋流器中的液滴破碎

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,分析了液-液水力旋流嚣中液滴破碎产生的原因,指出流场的湍流特性是产生液滴破碎的主要原因。对水力旋流器中的湍流度、雷诺切应力及颗粒的湍动能进行了分析,给出了水力旋流器中液滴破碎可能性较大的几个部位,并对旋流器边壁液滴破碎的可能性进行了讨论。分析了水力旋流器中液滴破碎的机理,阐明了液滴破碎判据——临界Weber数的表达式,并对理想球形液滴的破碎进行了分析。     

A STUDY OF SILICONE OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

Emulsions of silicone oil-in water were formed using a Brinkmann Polytron homogenizer with Igepal CO-530 as an emulsifier. Silicone viscosities ranged from 10 to 33,000 mPa.s at 25°C. Rheological characteristics and particle size analyses of silicone oil-in-water emulsions were studied. At high volume fraction of the dispersed phase (70%-75%), silicone oil-in-water emulsions were stable. At lower volume fractions (50%-60%), emulsions formed were less stable and the two phases easily separated in a few days. The emulsions formed with high volume fraction silicone oil show highly non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning). Emulsions made with low viscosity oils had lower viscosities than those made from high viscosity oils. Relative viscosity-concentration data could be correlated by the Frankel and Acrivos Equation. Increasing the emulsifier concentration of 70% oil-in-water emulsions resulted in a decrease in mean droplet size and an increase in emulsion viscosity. Increasing the intensity of agitation also resulted in higher viscosity and smaller droplet size until a critical energy input above which droplet size increased. Emulsification with low shear mixing provides more control in decreasing mean droplet size with time.     

A comprehensive study on the droplet formation processes and its influencing factors of a tubular piezoelectric print head

Abstract

Various inks with different properties are widely used in the printed electronic industry. In order to obtain high quality inkjet printing, it is necessary to study the droplet formation process and its influencing factors comprehensively. Only in this way, the incentive conditions and liquid physical parameters of droplet ejection can be obtained and optimized. Firstly, the calculation model of the droplet ejection process is established for a tubular print head and the boundary conditions are set according to the driving characteristics. Secondly, the free surface flow is calculated in the simulation software and sequential pictures of the droplet formation processes are captured to validate the availability of the numerical algorithm. Finally, the droplet formation processes of the tubular piezoelectric print head are simulated under different incentive conditions, different viscosities and different surface tensions. Too small a driving energy is insufficient to cause the head to eject droplets. Excessive excitation energy will result in larger or multiple satellite droplets. Additionally, the thinning process of the liquid neck is examined carefully in this paper. Results show that surface tension and viscosity have a significant effect on the thinning speed of the liquid neck, but the effect is not as significant as previous studies.     

分支型微通道水-油两相流数值模拟

为了研究分支型微通道内水-油两相流动,采用水平集法进行数值模拟.微通道几何参数和流体在壁面滑移程度的变化,对液滴尺寸产生不同影响。随着入口角的增大,液滴长度呈二次变化;离散相通道越宽,液滴长度受入口角影响程度越大;在入口角是60°的通道内,随着滑移尺寸的增加,液滴长度增长程度逐渐减缓,通道内流体受壁面滑移作用的厚度约占主通道的56.3%.对微流体混合系统的优化设计提供了参考.     

Non-coalescence and chain formation of droplets under an alternating current electric field

The dynamic behaviors of two droplets and droplet cluster under an alternating current (AC) electric field are investigated. Two droplets generally undergo transformation from complete coalescence to partial coalescence and finally to non-coalescence as the electric capillary number Ca_p increases. The critical electric capillary number Ca_pc for complete coalescence in the AC electric field remains unchanged and is twice as large as that in the direct current (DC) electric field when the frequency f ≥ 250 Hz. Charge transfer and reversal of electric field result in the reversal of the direction of electric force, which is the fundamental mechanism of non-coalescence of two droplets and chain formation in droplet cluster. The number of rebounds dramatically increases as f increases, promoting the stability of droplet chain. The droplet chains in the high-frequency AC electric field are longer and more stable than those in the low-frequency AC electric field.     

Numerical simulation of gas metal arc welding temperature field

The infrared camera is used to investigate the temperature field of gas metal arc welding.The results show that the temperature distribution of weld pool and adjacent area appears cone shape.A new heat source model combined by Gaussian distribution heat source of the arc and conical distribution heat source of the droplet is set up based on the experimental results, and with the combined boundary conditions,the temperature field of gas metal arc welding is simulated using finite element method.According to the comparison between the results of experiment and simulation in temperature field shows that the new combined heat source model is more accurate and effective than the Gauss heat source model.     

药芯焊丝电弧焊电弧形态与熔滴过渡行为的研究

基于数码照相技术研究了CO2保护气氛下,渣系和焊接参数对药芯焊丝电弧焊（FCAW）电弧形态和熔滴过渡行为的影响。研究发现,酸性及金属芯渣系药芯焊丝在所有焊接参数下电弧扩散角相差不大,碱性渣系药芯焊丝因药芯中含大量消电离元素,大焊接参数下电弧扩散角比其它两种渣系小;金属芯药芯焊丝大焊接参数下发生“半潜弧”,可见弧长显著缩短。随着焊接参数增大,酸性,碱性,金属芯药芯焊丝均依次出现如下熔滴过渡类型;短路过渡、大滴排斥过渡、细颗粒过渡,均未发生喷射过渡。