Electrohydrostatics of capillary switches

A capillary switch is a system of two liquid drops, one sessile and the other pendant, obtained by overfilling a hole of radius R in a plate. When surface tension dominates gravity, the equilibrium shapes of the drops are spherical sections of equal radii. If the combined volume of the top V_T and bottom V_B drops exceeds , the system has three equilibrium states of which two are stable. This bistability is exploited in applications by toggling the system between its two stable states. Here, we examine the effectiveness of using an electric field for toggling. Bifurcation diagrams are obtained that depict how the system's response varies with applied field strength E, and show loss of stability at turning points and the possibility of hysteresis. A phase diagram in space is presented to readily infer when an electric field is an effective means for toggling. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1451–1459, 2014     

均匀液滴喷射成球法的射流速度计算

分别通过流体力学计算、数值模拟及实验方法研究在不同压力作用下生产电子封装用锡球时不同喷嘴的射流速度。对比分析表明,理论计算和模拟与实验结果基本相符;理论计算方法较方便、准确计算出射流出口的平均速度,数值模拟方法不但可求得平均速度,而且可得到射流断面的速度分布。保持喷嘴直径不变,射流速度随压力增加而呈抛物线形增加。在相同压力作用下,射流速度随喷嘴直径增加而稍有增加,随过渡段直径增加而减小,并且压力差越大增加值或减小值也越大。     

射流感应破裂荷电液滴在烟尘控制中的新进展

理论与实践表明：在静电洗涤器中采用射流感应破裂荷电技术能高效净化烟尘。射流感应破裂荷电是一种以静电学、两相流理论及空气动力学理论为基础的能产生超高荷质比带电液滴的新技术。因此,在空气污染控制领域,射流感应破裂荷电技术具有很好的应用前景。本文将在论述射流感应破裂荷电基本原理及其理论和实验研究成果的基础上,介绍国内外射流感应破裂荷电技术的成果和其烟尘净化应用中的新进展以及其潜在的工业价值。     

荷电雾滴沉积效果的多因子响应面模型

针对农药静电喷雾中荷电雾滴在靶标背部的沉积效果,基于正交试验和单因子试验,采用2因子5水平中心组合设计及响应面分析,评价了工作电压、喷施速度、喷施距离以及靶标材质4项因子对雾滴在叶片靶标背部的沉积效果,建立并验证了二次回归模型,探讨了主要影响因子及其最佳水平范围。结果表明,回归模型预测结果与实际试验相符。     

电场中导电液滴电场效应的数值模拟

为研究低电导率导电液滴的电场效应,采用开源计算流体力学(CFD)软件OpenFOAM,设计了一种基于漏介质模型(leaky dielectric model)和流体体积(volume of fluid, VOF)法的电流体雾化(electrohydrodynamic atomization, EHDA)求解器,并将数值结果与Taylor的解析值进行了比较.模拟结果预测了液滴的变形方式以及液滴内外的环流模式.研究发现,在外加电场作用下,液滴会发生“扁长型”或“扁圆型”变形,并在内部形成稳定的环流,液滴只会发生变形,而不会发生宏观运动;随着电场强度的增加,液滴的变形越来越大,小变形情况下,模拟值与理论值基本吻合,验证了数值方法的正确性;当液滴的变形量较大时,模拟结果开始偏离理论值,与实验观察结果一致.此外,电导率比值的改变对液滴变形的影响也比较明显,而介电常数比的改变对液滴变形的影响则不太明显.     

液滴撞击湿壁面实验研究

采用高速摄像仪以11 000 帧/s的拍摄速度对3种不同尺寸的液滴以不同速度分别撞击湿壁面（水平及不同倾斜角度）的过程进行了观测。研究了铺展、产生冠状不飞溅、飞溅3种实验现象。定性分析了初始液滴直径、液滴撞击速度、湿壁面倾斜角度对飞溅现象的作用。定量统计出液滴撞击湿壁面产生飞溅现象的各项临界参数,给出飞溅判据的经验关系式并进行误差分析。结果表明：随液滴撞击速度的增大,撞击湿壁面后会依次出现铺展、产生冠状不飞溅、产生二次液滴飞溅等现象。液滴直径的增加与湿壁面倾斜角度的降低均对飞溅的产生有促进作用。并通过拟合实验数据得到用于判别液滴撞击湿壁面是否发生产生二次液滴飞溅现象的无量纲参数K与无量纲液膜层厚度H^*关系K=3210-122 284.48H^*+2.234 26×10⁶H^*2（0.008 56*<0.033 18）。     

波形板汽水分离器内分离效率的影响因素分析

基于壁面液膜模型,进行无钩波形板汽水分离器内液膜生成情况的三维数值模拟,模拟中采用Realizable k-ε模型和壁面液膜模型对波形板内的气相和液相进行数值模拟计算,根据模拟结果分析波形板内的分离效率。研究结果表明：在不改变波形板的结构和不考虑二次携带的前提下,随进口速度或液滴直径的增加,壁面形成液膜面积和高度增加,分离效率也随之提高。当进口速度和液滴直径一定时,液膜高度和面积随蒸汽湿度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,当湿度达到10%时,液膜高度和面积达到最大,分离效率最佳。     

气体保护焊短路过渡熔滴成形的建模分析

提出了气体保护焊短路过渡过程中的熔滴成形的概念,并建立了模型.通过微距高速摄像技术和数字图像处理技术对熔滴成形过程中小滴状熔液所受的重力、电磁力以及表面张力提供的支持力进行了分析和定量计算,认为表面张力所提供的支持力远大于电磁力和重力共同导致的促使小滴状熔液下落的力.同时考虑了焊丝的熔化,认为以上因素最终造成小滴状熔液能以滴状的形态不断在焊丝端面进行扩展,形成熔滴.试验证明了熔滴成形这一模型的正确性.     

Plastid Transformation of Micro-Tom Tomato with a Hemipteran Double-Stranded RNA Results in RNA Interference in Multiple Insect Species

Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) holds great promise for insect pest control, as plants can be transformed to produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to selectively down-regulate insect genes essential for survival. For optimum potency, dsRNA can be produced in plant plastids, enabling the accumulation of unprocessed dsRNAs. However, the relative effectiveness of this strategy in inducing an RNAi response in insects using different feeding mechanisms is understudied. To investigate this, we first tested an in vitro-synthesized 189 bp dsRNA matching a highly conserved region of the v-ATPaseA gene from cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) on three insect species from two different orders that use leaf-chewing, lacerate-and-flush, or sap-sucking mechanisms to feed, and showed that the dsRNA significantly down-regulated the target gene. We then developed transplastomic Micro-tom tomato plants to produce the dsRNA in plant plastids and showed that the dsRNA is produced in leaf, flower, green fruit, red fruit, and roots, with the highest dsRNA levels found in the leaf. The plastid-produced dsRNA induced a significant gene down-regulation in insects using leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding mechanisms, while sap-sucking insects were unaffected. Our results suggest that plastid-produced dsRNA can be used to control leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding insects, but may not be useful for sap-sucking insects.