Y聚焦型微通道内磁流体液滴的生成与调控

利用高速摄像仪研究了截面为400 μm×400 μm Y聚焦型微通道内磁流体液滴在矿物油中的生成过程。以水基磁流体EMG 807为分散相,含4%表面活性剂Span-20的矿物油为连续相。实验观察到了3种流型：弹状流、滴状流和喷射流。分别考察了两相流量、连续相毛细数及磁感应强度对液滴尺寸及生成过程的影响。结果表明：可通过改变两相流量及磁场调控液滴尺寸。当分散相流量不变时,液滴尺寸随着两相流量比的增加而减小。液滴尺寸随着连续相毛细数及磁感应强度的增加而减小,随着分散相流量的增加而增加。以两相流量比、连续相毛细数和磁Bond数为参数提出了一个液滴尺寸的关联式,预测值与实验值吻合良好。     

石灰石-石膏法脱硫过程中浆液雾化夹带与细颗粒排放的关系

脱硫浆液的雾化夹带是导致石灰石-石膏法脱硫过程中细颗粒物排放特征发生显著变化的主要原因。利用相位多普勒粒度分析仪（PDA）、电称低压冲击器（ELPI⁺）在线测试分析了脱硫浆液雾化、夹带特性及其与细颗粒物排放的关系。结果表明,石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫过程中浆液雾化夹带可导致脱硫净烟气中含大量细小雾滴及亚微米级细颗粒,脱硫净烟气中雾滴粒径与喷嘴的雾化效果有关,主要集中在20 μm以下,雾滴含固量为脱硫浆液的20%～40%。脱硫操作参数如空塔气速、液气比和浆液浓度对脱硫净烟气中的雾滴夹带量存在显著影响,适当降低空塔气速、液气比及浆液浓度,优化喷淋工艺如增加喷淋层、合理布置脱硫喷嘴,能够有效抑制浆液夹带作用,进而降低脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物的排放浓度。     

不对称T型微通道内液滴的无阻塞破裂动力学

利用高速摄像机研究了不对称T型微通道内液滴的无阻塞破裂过程。以甘油-水溶液为分散相,含4%（质量分数）表面活性剂Span-20的矿物油为连续相。液滴的无阻塞破裂过程可分为三个阶段：进入阶段、形变阶段和破裂阶段。其中破裂阶段又可分为快速破裂阶段和细丝破裂阶段两个子阶段。考察了表观流速、无量纲液滴长度和两相黏度比对破裂阶段的影响。结果表明：快速破裂阶段是一个自相似过程,无量纲颈部最小宽度与无量纲剩余时间呈幂律关系,幂律指数约为1.35。细丝破裂阶段无量纲最小颈部宽度与无量纲剩余时间呈线性关系。斜率随着表观速度和无量纲液滴长度的增大而增大,随两相黏度比的增大而减小。     

HAN基液体推进剂喷雾场液滴尺寸分布的简化模型

为了建立HAN基液体推进剂喷雾场液滴尺寸分布的简化模型,基于最大熵原理,在质量守恒与概率和为定值的约束条件下,用拉格朗日因子法则推导了液滴尺寸分布函数,将该函数应用于HAN基液体推进剂模拟工质喷雾场液滴尺寸的预估;采用相位多普勒粒子动态分析仪(PDA)测量了HAN基液体推进剂模拟工质在1.8~2.6MPa喷射压力下对撞式喷嘴雾化液滴尺寸分布;通过最小二乘法优化Nukiyama-Tanasawa分布函数式中的q值对数目微分分布进行了修正,拟合得到q值与喷射压力p之间的函数关系为q(p)=-0.344p2+1.525p+1.268。结果表明,计算得出的液滴尺寸数目微分分布与HAN基液体推进剂喷雾场实测数据变化趋势相符,表明建立的液滴尺寸分布模型是合理的。     

Droplet formation of H2SO4/alkane system in a T‐junction microchannel: Gravity effect

A special system of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and n‐hexane was used to study the droplet formation in a glass T‐junction microchannel with H₂SO₄ as the continuous phase. The effects of capillary number, flow ratio, and viscosity ratio on the droplet formation were investigated. The effect of gravity was explored by changing the flow direction in the microchannel. Results showed that the formation of transition flow pattern from squeezing to dripping is much easier for this special system compared with common aqueous/organic systems. This phenomenon is due to the considerably higher viscosity of H₂SO₄ than that of common aqueous phase and the higher density difference of the system compared with those of common systems. In addition to capillary number and flow ratio, gravity evidently affects the formation of droplets and flow patterns. The droplet size is smaller than that during the horizontal flow when the flow direction is consistent with gravity. By contrast, flow direction contrary to that of gravity results in larger droplet size than that at horizontal flow. This phenomenon provides guidance on the operation of these special systems in microchannels. Finally, mathematical models of droplet size at different flow patterns have been established, and these models can predict droplet size very well. This study could be helpful to extend the application of microreactors to new working systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4564–4573, 2016     

Using microfluidics to control soft adhesion

We demonstrate that the inclusion of subsurface microfluidic features in a soft polymer surface, whose internal pressure can be varied, may be used to modify the effective radius of curvature of the contact and thus switch the magnitude of the adhesion of the surface to a harder counterface from one state to another – in other words to control the ‘stickiness’ of the surface. In these circumstances, adhesion depends on van der Waal forces and can be described by the classic treatment of Johnson, Kendall and Roberts. The pressurization of the subsurface chambers results in the rapid emergence of surface features with reduced radii of curvature which drastically decreases the area available for contact so providing a reduction of up to 90% in the adhesion force of a surface from its original ‘sticky’ state. It is demonstrated that this mechanism can provide a quick, reversible and clean detachment.     

Recent advances in core/shell bicomponent fibers and nanofibers: A review

There has been a steady progress in developing synthetic fibers in the past few years. Bicomponent fibers and nanofibers in a core/shell (C/S) configuration, including two dissimilar materials have presented unusual potential for use in many novel applications. These fibers can be produced using a variety of materials via different techniques i.e., coaxial melt spinning and electrospinning. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in C/S fibers and nanofibers’ production. The first part has been assigned to the bicomponent fibers manufacturing technology, while production and applications of C/S nanofibers have been described in the second part. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46265.     

液滴形状法测量纤维接触角的研究

介绍了液滴形状法测量单根纤维接触角的基本原理 ,利用显微镜观察液滴的形状 ,将数据输入根据Young Laplace方程编写的程序中计算出接触角。通过实验验证 ,该法简单可行 ,可以有效的表征 0～ 60°的纤维表面接触角。     

油-水体系均匀液滴分散装置的改进研究

在借鉴油一气体系振动分散装置的基础上,改进设计了油一水体系均匀液滴分散装置。调节装置振动参数,可在油一水体系中获得分散均匀的油滴,并可对分散状态进行记录分析,可应用到悬浮聚合造粒中。     

速度对液滴撞击超疏水壁面行为特性的影响

通过可视化实验研究了直径为2.58 mm的液滴在不同速度下撞击静态接触角为156°超疏水壁面后的运动特性,其液滴Weber数在8~310之间。实验利用光学原理在同一画面上同时记录了液滴撞击壁面过程的正面及底面图像。实验结果表明:液滴撞击壁面的速度对液滴的前进角、后退角,三相接触线的速度以及液滴反弹后的空中运动特性都有较大的影响;液滴高速撞击超疏水壁面后会产生明显的液指及多组卫星液滴,回缩阶段相邻的液指发生聚并直至液滴完全回缩。