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61.
Aggregates of carbon black (CB) in a polymer matrix have a tendency to form a CB network. The dynamic mechanical properties of binary systems of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and CB or 3,9‐bis{1,1‐dimethyl‐2[β‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro[5,5]‐undecane (AO‐80) and their ternary systems were investigated. It was found that the dynamic mechanical properties of those systems depend on the colloidal properties, surface oxides, and surface modification of CB. For binary systems of CPE and CB, oxidized CB gives a high modulus at low strain amplitude and a large Payne effect compared with untreated CB. In contrast, the reverse effect was observed for their ternary systems. Consequently, a good micro‐dispersion is obtainable by surface modification due to physical adsorption of AO‐80 on oxidized CB particles via hydrogen bonds. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
62.
Summary In flow through porous media, solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) exhibit extension thickening, whereas hydroxypropyl
guar (HPG) solutions are shear-thinning at high concentrations. The results show that the extension-thickening exhibited by
PEO solutions becomes less critical with increasing flow rate as the concentration of HPG in the solution is increased. At
high concentrations of HPG, the presence of PEO inhibits the shear-thinning behaviour, without increasing the apparent viscosity
of the solution. The presence of HPG reduces the rate and extent of degradation of PEO in the flowing solution. 相似文献
63.
本文为了克服精馏塔静态仿真不易收敛和初值难以给定等难题,巧妙地利用隐含数值积分方法的特点,将稳态与动态数学模型耦合起来,用以求解高难度的非理想精馏塔静态仿真问题。所得静动态混俣模型大大提高了精馏塔静态仿真的鲁棒性,对于高度非理想精馏塔的仿真尤为有效。通过对某丙烯腈萃取精馏塔的静态仿真,充分证明了这种混合模型化方法的可行性。 相似文献
64.
预测控制算法的统一格式及其在电加热炉的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文根据常用的两类预测控制算法推出一种新型预测控制算法。并将其应用于一双输入/双输出的力学持久机电加热炉的温度控制系统上,获得了满意的结果:控温精度为±1.5℃/300℃,且适用于非最小相位系统。 相似文献
65.
Dynamic Survivability in WDM Mesh Networks Under Dynamic Traffic 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Network survivability is a crucial requirement in WDM mesh networks. In this paper, we systematically consider the problem of dynamic survivability with dynamic single link failure in WDM networks under dynamic traffic demands. Specifically, we investigate various protection schemes, such as dedicated path protection (DPP), shared path protection (SPP), dedicated link protection (DLP), shared link protection (SLP), and two restoration schemes, path restoration (PR) and link restoration (LR). Moreover, two new shared protection methods are proposed, i.e., SRLG-based shared link protection (SRLG-SLP) and SRLG-based shared path protection (SRLG-SPP). The SRLG (shared risk link group) constraint defines the availability of protection resources to a working path, which requires that any two working paths sharing the same risk of failure (or in the same SRLG) cannot share the same protection resources. Furthermore, in our study, we consider a more practical dynamic single-link failure model, in which the link-failure-interarrival time and link-failure-holding time are considered as two independent parameters. Based on this link-failure model, extensive simulations are done to analyze and compare the dynamic survivable performance of various protection and restoration schemes. Resource utilization, protection efficiency, restoration efficiency, and service disruption ratio are employed as survivable performance metrics versus traffic load, link-failure frequency, and link-failure reparation time to evaluate the survivable performance. Many meaningful results are given. In addition, we show that the developed SRLG-SLP and SRLG-SPP protection schemes perform very well in terms of protection efficiency and service disruption ratio, while sacrificing some performance in terms of resource utilization. 相似文献
66.
P. Dubé F. Kerdouss F. Laplante P. Proulx L. Brossard H. Ménard 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2003,33(6):541-547
The electrocatalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexanone has been investigated with catalytic powder particles made of metal nanoaggregates deposited on a nonconductive material such as activated carbon and alumina. The catalytic powder particles were suspended in the solution under vigorous stirring conditions. The brief contact of the powder particles with a porous carbon cathode was sufficient to form adsorbed hydrogen on the metallic nanoaggregates through water electrolysis and initiate the electrohydrogenation process. It is demonstrated that the key parameters of the electrohydrogenation process are both the nature of the metallic nanoaggregates and the nature of the non-conductive material. The hydrodynamics of the solution under vigorous stirring conditions have also been studied for the particular cell used in the present study. 相似文献
67.
Plastisols, which are a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) resin and a plasticizer (DEHP), were used as a toughening agent of a resol resin in order to improve the mechanical properties. It was not possible to formulate resol blends by adding more than 10 % of plastisol owing to a lack of apparent homogeneity in the systems, which also showed many air bubbles. The relationship between dynamic mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties and the amount of plastisol added was studied. It was determined from the infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical results that the resol–plastisol blends seem to be formed by a reaction between the phenol and PVC giving a higher crosslinked structure. An improvement in the thermal resistance of the blends at lower temperatures was observed with an increase in the percentage of plastisol. Flexural analysis showed the elastic behaviour of the systems. However, it was not possible to observe the effect of the plasticizer (DEHP) owing to the low quantity of plastisol that was added to the resol. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
68.
This paper derives the admissible decompositions for a time series dynamic linear model, assuming only that the model is observable. The decompositions depend on factorizations of the characteristic polynomial of the state evolution matrix G into relatively prime factors. This generalizes the method of West (1997 ) which considers one decomposition in the particular case where G is diagonalizable. Conditions are derived for a decomposition to be independent. These results show that no autoregressive process of order d has an independent decomposition for any integer d . Two illustrations of this procedure are discussed in detail. 相似文献
69.
Li-Tang Yan 《Polymer》2006,47(18):6472-6480
The surface-directed spinodal decomposition (SDSD) of polymer binary mixture with different values of surface potential is numerically simulated in three-dimension (3D) by cell dynamic systems (CDS). Furthermore, the growth laws of the wetting layer are theoretically analyzed by the current equation and the dynamical scaling. The results show that the thickness of the wetting layer increases with the increasing surface potential. The crossover, which is later for larger values of surface potential, appears in the evolution curve of the wetting layer. Before the crossover, the growth law is the surface potential dependant growth law. Subsequently, the growth law is the typical Lifshitz-Slyozov (LS) growth law. The results indicate that the surface potential can result in the mutual transformation between completely wetting and partially wetting for the substrate interface. It can be found that the higher surface potential leads to the faster and stronger transmission of the effect of the substrate on the spinodal decomposition in the bulk. 相似文献
70.
Xinru Xu Jingyi Yang Ying Jiang Jinsheng Gao 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2006,24(11):1307-1321
The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%. 相似文献