Characterization of resol resins modified by the addition of PVC plastisols

Plastisols, which are a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) resin and a plasticizer (DEHP), were used as a toughening agent of a resol resin in order to improve the mechanical properties. It was not possible to formulate resol blends by adding more than 10 % of plastisol owing to a lack of apparent homogeneity in the systems, which also showed many air bubbles. The relationship between dynamic mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties and the amount of plastisol added was studied. It was determined from the infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical results that the resol–plastisol blends seem to be formed by a reaction between the phenol and PVC giving a higher crosslinked structure. An improvement in the thermal resistance of the blends at lower temperatures was observed with an increase in the percentage of plastisol. Flexural analysis showed the elastic behaviour of the systems. However, it was not possible to observe the effect of the plasticizer (DEHP) owing to the low quantity of plastisol that was added to the resol. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

应变式压力传感器特性补偿和应用

讨论了用动态补偿数字滤器对应变压力传感器的动态特性进行补偿，使之提高测量精度并能用于爆炸冲击波测量的一种方法。实验结果与经验值比较，补偿前．后对比、测量精度有明显提高，说明在一定条件在变式测压系统也可用于爆压的测试。     

Decomposition of Time Series Dynamic Linear Models

This paper derives the admissible decompositions for a time series dynamic linear model, assuming only that the model is observable. The decompositions depend on factorizations of the characteristic polynomial of the state evolution matrix G into relatively prime factors. This generalizes the method of West (1997 ) which considers one decomposition in the particular case where G is diagonalizable. Conditions are derived for a decomposition to be independent. These results show that no autoregressive process of order d has an independent decomposition for any integer d . Two illustrations of this procedure are discussed in detail.     

应用吸水剖面资料确定吸水层动态残余油饱和度的方法

基于岩心长期注水试验资料，认识到吸水层的残余油饱和度的变化是一个缓慢减小的过程。文章给出了动态残余油饱和度的概念，提出了利用吸水剖面测井资料来确定动态残余油饱和度的方法。通过现场实测资料的解释，建立了动态残余油饱和度与吸水层每米累计吸水量的定量关系，为剩余油分布研究提供新思路。     

Numerical simulation of substrate effects on spinodal decomposition in polymer binary mixture: Effects of the surface potential

The surface-directed spinodal decomposition (SDSD) of polymer binary mixture with different values of surface potential is numerically simulated in three-dimension (3D) by cell dynamic systems (CDS). Furthermore, the growth laws of the wetting layer are theoretically analyzed by the current equation and the dynamical scaling. The results show that the thickness of the wetting layer increases with the increasing surface potential. The crossover, which is later for larger values of surface potential, appears in the evolution curve of the wetting layer. Before the crossover, the growth law is the surface potential dependant growth law. Subsequently, the growth law is the typical Lifshitz-Slyozov (LS) growth law. The results indicate that the surface potential can result in the mutual transformation between completely wetting and partially wetting for the substrate interface. It can be found that the higher surface potential leads to the faster and stronger transmission of the effect of the substrate on the spinodal decomposition in the bulk.     

Effects of Process Conditions on Desalting and Demetalization of Crude Oil

The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%.     

Short-term power sources for tokamaks and other physical experiments

The Compass-D tokamak is being planned to move from UKAEA Culham (England) be and reinstalled in IPP Prague (Czech Republic). An overview of Compass-D energetics is described in short. The new power sources have to be designed. Alternative solutions of power sources have been investigated. Ignitrons and mechanical breakers can be replaced by modern high-power semiconductors. With respect to the need of accumulated energy, new technologies of energy storage - supercapacitors and high-speed flywheels, not applied up to now in similar fusion projects, are characterized in comparison with traditional ones - capacitors and big motor-flywheel generators. It is shown that these technologies enhance possibilities in arrangement of power supplies for tokamaks as well as for other high-power demanding experiments with pulse length from fraction to tens of seconds.     

机构设计在大型柱面网壳结构施工中的应用

 将机械行业中的机构运动概念应用到大型柱面网壳结构的施工，提出一种“折叠展开式”整体提升施工技
术． 详细阐述了该项施工方法的基本思想，并推导机构运动过程的运动学和动力学公式． 通过一个工程算例的分
析，总结机构运动和动力特性．计算结果证明机构运动过程中产生的动力效应不明显，处于“折叠”状态的网壳能够
承受施工荷载．该项新技术在亚洲最大跨度的柱面网壳结构的施工中得到了成功应用，证明了它的实用性和优越性．     

氧气顶吹转炉吹炼过程动态模型

通过炉气流量和成分的在线采样信息，用积分法计算熔池排出碳量，并根据熔炼体系中碳的守恒，动态推算熔池含碳量，由此来预报吹炼终点。较深入研究了提高炉气流量检测精度的方法，如心平衡修正和钢液成分反馈修正等，并采用了滤波算法，这些措施有利于提高动态模型的精度。     

Increasing the precision of a device used to determine the dynamic coefficient of friction

A theoretical evaluation of the potential application of a device with inclined plane for determining the dynamic coefficient of friction is given. Structural changes in the device that make it possible to increase its precision are proposed. Computational equations for estimating the resolution of the device are presented. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 24–26, November, 2007.