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51.
Xinru Xu Jingyi Yang Ying Jiang Jinsheng Gao 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2006,24(11):1307-1321
The efficiency of desalting for six crude oils was studied with a SY-1 dynamic simulation experimental installation. The demulsifier DC2 was examined for 1#, 2#, and 4# crude oil and DC4 was used for 3#, 5#, and 6# crude oil. The effects of temperature, electric field gradient, dosage of demulsifier, and washing water on the desalting efficiency of six crude oils were investigated. The results showed that at the optimization process condition after desalting, the desalting efficiency and the salt content of 1# crude oil reached 89.17% and 1.92 mg/L; that of 2# crude oil reached 85.08% and 1.04 mg/L; that of 3# crude oil reached 91.06% and 1.35 mg/L; that of 4# crude oil reached 81.67% and 1.51 mg/L; that of 5# crude oil reached 81.03% and 2.32 mg/L; and that of 6# crude oil reached 86.64% and 2.67 mg/L. Different crude oils have different metal contents. Three assistants, ammonium nitrate (TJ1), nitric acid (TJ3), and polyamine carboxylate (TJ4), were used to improve the efficiencies of desalting and demetalization of six crude oils. TJ4 was more efficient in removing calcium and iron for 1# and 2# crude oil. TJ1 was more efficient in desalting and demetalizing 5# crude oil. The efficiencies for removal of calcium, iron, nickel, and vanadium respectively reached 99.89%, 98.33%, 20.58%, and 43.02%. TJ3 has better efficiency desalting and demetalizing for 6# crude oil. With the concentration of TJ3 increasing from 0 to 80 mg/L, the desalting efficiency increases from 31.22% to 73.54%, and the iron removal efficiency increases from 56.0% to 74.05%. 相似文献
52.
53.
Because of the widespread increasing application of Web services and autonomic computing, self-adaptive software is an area gaining increasing importance. Control theory provides a theoretical foundation for self-adaptive software. In this paper, we propose the use of the supervisory control theory of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS) to provide a rigorous foundation for designing software for reactive systems. This paper focuses in particular on design of software with an attractivity requirement. It studies this problem using the polynomial dynamic system (PDS) model of DEDS. A necessary and sufficient condition for software existence and two algorithms for such software design are presented. 相似文献
54.
Prediction of the effects on dynamic response due to distributed structural modification with additional degrees of freedom 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huajiang Hang Krishna Shankar Joseph C.S. Lai 《Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing》2008,22(8):1809-1825
The aim of this study is to investigate means of efficiently assessing the effects of distributed structural modification on the dynamic properties of a complex structure. The dynamic properties of the modified structure can be determined by experimental testing or numerical simulation, both of which are complex, expensive and time-consuming. Assuming that the original dynamic characteristics are already established and that the modification is a relatively simple attachment, the modified dynamic properties may be determined numerically without solving the equations of motion of the full-modified structure. The frequency response functions (FRFs) of the modified structure can be computed by coupling the original FRFs and a delta dynamic stiffness matrix for the modification introduced. The validity of this approach is investigated by applying it to a cantilever beam to which a smaller beam is attached as modification. The original FRFs were obtained experimentally as well as numerically. The delta dynamic stiffness matrix was determined numerically by modeling the attachment and part of the original structure including the attachment points. The FRFs of the modified beam were then computed. Good agreement is obtained by comparing the results to the FRFs of the modified beam determined experimentally as well as by numerical modeling of the complete modified structure. 相似文献
55.
Devenport Jill A.; Patterson Megan R.; Devenport Lynn D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,119(3):352
The variability of most environments taxes foraging decisions by increasing the uncertainty of the information available. One solution to the problem is to use dynamic averaging, as do some granivores and carnivores. Arguably, the same strategy could be useful for grazing herbivores, even though their food renews and is more homogeneously distributed. Horses (Equus callabus) were given choices between variable patches after short or long delays. When patch information was current, horses returned to the patch that was recently best, whereas those without current information matched choices to the long-term average values of the patches. These results demonstrate that a grazing species uses dynamic averaging and indicate that, like granivores and carnivores, they can use temporal weighting to optimize foraging decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
56.
利用Love波特性计算地基动力响应 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文利用Love波弥散特性在频域上对地基出平面振动及扭振问题进行了研究。在计算区域内结构将采用有限单元划分,而在边界上则根据Love 面波特性使用传递边界有限单元。本文同时讨论了不同模态波对结构动力响应的贡献。本文方法也适合于静力分析。 相似文献
57.
Hiromasa Higasa Ryoichi Takahata Hiroshi Imaizumi Kenzo Miya 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1996,116(3):96-106
A high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x with strong pinning force has allowed stable magnetic suspension with no control to be developed. Two types of superconducting magnetic bearings (SMB) using YBCO and permanent magnet were assembled. The two types are radial and axial. The dynamic stiffness of each SMB as it was cooled down under a magnetic field by liquid nitrogen was measured both radially and axially. As a result, it was found that the spring constants of these SMBs were almost as large as a practically desirable value; however, their damping coefficients were lower than the practical level. These findings are useful as one of the data bases for development of an optimum SMB design to support the weight of rotors in an axial direction. 相似文献
58.
无端点检测汉语识别算法的实现及改进——动态时间规整和隐马尔可夫统一模型的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
《声学技术》1998,(4)
语音识别算法中,动态时间规整(DTW)和隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)是最有效的识别算法,并且两者之间有着本质的联系和内在的统一[1],据此前期工作中,已经建立了DTW和HMM的统一模型(DHUM)[2、3]。本文对DHUM进行了改进,在DHUM中引进寂静段自环,并根据汉语语音的特点,提出了一种无端点检测的语音识别算法。在识别过程中,该算法无需确定语音信号起止点位置,而是从寂静段开始,直接按帧提取特征(帧长20ms,帧间重叠50%),特征向量由15阶倒谱系数和帧平均能量组成。实验中,用DHUM实现了该算法,对99个相似汉语单字的识别测试结果表明:无端点检测的识别正识率为94.95%,正识率下降很少,但不作端点检测却降低了算法的复杂程度。为进一步改善识别性能,特征向量采用一种听觉模型特征,识别器具有更好的鲁棒性,识别率会略有提高。 相似文献
59.
重金属污染物动态吸附试验及数学模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文采用泥沙动力学中Rouse等人用来研究泥沙浓度沿垂线分布的装置。对泥沙吸附重金属污染物进行了动态模拟。试验分有底泥和无底泥两种情况。研究中发现在Rouse装置的水力、泥沙条件下泥沙吸附重金属污染物达到平衡状态需要6小时以上,由极坐标下的重金属迁移转化数学模型方程,在本文具体试验条件下进行数值求解,计算结果和试验结果合良好,说明数学模型是正确合理的试验是可靠的。计算时依据室内静态试验结果,对动态 相似文献
60.