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101.
Devenport Jill A.; Patterson Megan R.; Devenport Lynn D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,119(3):352
The variability of most environments taxes foraging decisions by increasing the uncertainty of the information available. One solution to the problem is to use dynamic averaging, as do some granivores and carnivores. Arguably, the same strategy could be useful for grazing herbivores, even though their food renews and is more homogeneously distributed. Horses (Equus callabus) were given choices between variable patches after short or long delays. When patch information was current, horses returned to the patch that was recently best, whereas those without current information matched choices to the long-term average values of the patches. These results demonstrate that a grazing species uses dynamic averaging and indicate that, like granivores and carnivores, they can use temporal weighting to optimize foraging decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
102.
103.
利用Love波特性计算地基动力响应 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文利用Love波弥散特性在频域上对地基出平面振动及扭振问题进行了研究。在计算区域内结构将采用有限单元划分,而在边界上则根据Love 面波特性使用传递边界有限单元。本文同时讨论了不同模态波对结构动力响应的贡献。本文方法也适合于静力分析。 相似文献
104.
Hiromasa Higasa Ryoichi Takahata Hiroshi Imaizumi Kenzo Miya 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1996,116(3):96-106
A high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x with strong pinning force has allowed stable magnetic suspension with no control to be developed. Two types of superconducting magnetic bearings (SMB) using YBCO and permanent magnet were assembled. The two types are radial and axial. The dynamic stiffness of each SMB as it was cooled down under a magnetic field by liquid nitrogen was measured both radially and axially. As a result, it was found that the spring constants of these SMBs were almost as large as a practically desirable value; however, their damping coefficients were lower than the practical level. These findings are useful as one of the data bases for development of an optimum SMB design to support the weight of rotors in an axial direction. 相似文献
105.
In this paper a discrete-time adaptive sliding mode control method is newly developed and applied to the power system stabilization problem. A controllable canonical form of state space realization is constructed using the parameters identified by the on-line recursive least squares method and the system state is estimated from the input/output measurements and the simple state transformations. The identified parameters and the estimated state are then used by the discrete-time sliding mode control, which is suitable for the digital equipment. The most important advantage of the proposed power system stabilizer (PSS) is that it is able to maintain its regulating performance with a slower sampling period than that of the conventional sliding mode PSS because it is developed in a pure discrete-time domain. Another advantage of the proposed PSS is that it needs neither a mathematical model of the power system nor the full-state measurements because they are identified through on-line identifications. Several computer simulations for the linear power system are performed to verify the performance of the proposed PSS. In the computer simulations for various circumstances which are probable in a power system are considered, such as transitions of the active and reactive powers, change of parameters of the synchronous machine, line-to-ground faults and measurement noise. As a result, a new power system stabilizer which can operate in a wide range of operating conditions and can overcome various disturbances and measurement noises is proposed. 相似文献
106.
无端点检测汉语识别算法的实现及改进——动态时间规整和隐马尔可夫统一模型的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
《声学技术》1998,(4)
语音识别算法中,动态时间规整(DTW)和隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)是最有效的识别算法,并且两者之间有着本质的联系和内在的统一[1],据此前期工作中,已经建立了DTW和HMM的统一模型(DHUM)[2、3]。本文对DHUM进行了改进,在DHUM中引进寂静段自环,并根据汉语语音的特点,提出了一种无端点检测的语音识别算法。在识别过程中,该算法无需确定语音信号起止点位置,而是从寂静段开始,直接按帧提取特征(帧长20ms,帧间重叠50%),特征向量由15阶倒谱系数和帧平均能量组成。实验中,用DHUM实现了该算法,对99个相似汉语单字的识别测试结果表明:无端点检测的识别正识率为94.95%,正识率下降很少,但不作端点检测却降低了算法的复杂程度。为进一步改善识别性能,特征向量采用一种听觉模型特征,识别器具有更好的鲁棒性,识别率会略有提高。 相似文献
107.
重金属污染物动态吸附试验及数学模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文采用泥沙动力学中Rouse等人用来研究泥沙浓度沿垂线分布的装置。对泥沙吸附重金属污染物进行了动态模拟。试验分有底泥和无底泥两种情况。研究中发现在Rouse装置的水力、泥沙条件下泥沙吸附重金属污染物达到平衡状态需要6小时以上,由极坐标下的重金属迁移转化数学模型方程,在本文具体试验条件下进行数值求解,计算结果和试验结果合良好,说明数学模型是正确合理的试验是可靠的。计算时依据室内静态试验结果,对动态 相似文献
108.
本文讨论了在两个园柱体的环形狭缝中不可压缩流体的流动.在一定的假设下,运用流体力学方程和流体对柱体的作用方程,导出了附加质量和转动惯量、振动频率和衰减系数.并对文(1)中的某些结果进行了必要的修正. 相似文献
109.
110.
S. R. Reid T. X. Yu J. L. Yang G. G. Corbett 《International Journal of Impact Engineering》1996,18(7-8)
This paper is concerned with the problem of pipe whip, the dynamic response of a high pressure piping system subjected to an end force as the result of a pipe break which releases a jet of fluid from the broken section. Both experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning the dynamic elastic-plastic behaviour of cantilever pipes subjected to a transverse force pulse at the free end. Comparisons between experimental data and theoretical predictions are made for mild-steel pipes with outer diameter-to-thickness ratios of 19.5, 28 and 32. It is demonstrated that, for these geometries, the whipping pipes display three characteristically different responses, viz. elastic, plastic hardening behaviour for thick pipes, elastic, plastic hardening-softening behaviour for moderately thick pipes and elastic, plastic hardening-softening-collapse behaviour for thinner pipes. The experimental data taken from a series of high-speed films are compared with the predictions of the instantaneous shapes of the whipping pipes derived from both a rigid, perfectly-plastic, large deflection, dynamic beam model and a more comprehensive model which incorporates the effects of elasticity and plastic hardening and softening, the details of which are presented in the paper. 相似文献