The effect of an amphiphilic self‐assembled lipid lamellar phase on the relief of dry skin

Humectant and occlusive technologies have traditionally been used for the treatment of dry skin. Originally, non‐lamellar‐forming ingredients were used such as petrolatum but recent research has shown the advantage of using lamellar‐forming ingredients such as ceramides, pseudoceramides and phospholipids in the relief of dry skin. Nevertheless, the importance of using lipid‐phase transition inducers, such as long‐chain fatty acids, has not been studied clinically. The evaluation of a novel complex of lipophilic ingredients was of interest: cetyl alcohol, isostearyl isostearate, potassium cetyl phosphate, cetyl behenate and behenic acid. The combination of all these ingredients was shown to be more effective than any single component in water vapour transmission rate studies. This was thought to be owing to the formation of a unique structural organization of the lipids upon dry‐down from an O/W emulsion as was examined by X‐ray diffraction and optical microscopy. When evaluated clinically in a randomized double‐blind and vehicle‐controlled moisturization efficacy trial, this novel blend of ingredients was shown to not only improve the visible signs of skin dryness to a significantly greater extent than a comparable mineral oil‐containing vehicle but also then maintain a better skin condition during the regression no‐treatment phase of the study. This combination of ingredients offers a new technology option for the treatment of dry skin.     

17%唑醚·氟环唑悬乳剂对花生的抗病和保健作用

2012—2013年2年田间药效试验结果表明:17%唑醚·氟环唑悬乳剂有效成分用量为103.2~154.8 g/hm2时,对花生褐斑病具有良好的防治效果,防效在80%以上,且显著增加了花生饱果数和双果数,提高了花生产量,增产率在10%以上。     

Performance of supercritical carbon dioxide sprays as coolants and lubricants in representative metalworking operations

This paper investigates the cooling and lubrication properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) sprays as potential substitutes for aqueous emulsions and straight oils used in the metalworking industry today. Sprays of rapidly expanding scCO₂ act to cool and lubricate machining and forming processes by delivering a mixture of dry ice and lubricant deep into the cutting/forming zone. In this work, experiments with turning, milling, drilling, thread cutting, and thread forming were performed with scCO₂ and other metalworking fluids (MWFs) to evaluate their relative performance with respect to tool wear and machining torque. Observations reveal that scCO₂–MWFs are more effective in removing heat from the tool-workpiece interface than conventionally delivered (flood) aqueous MWFs as well as other gas-based MWF sprays. In addition, scCO₂–MWFs delivered in lubricant-expanded phase, where scCO₂ is used to increase volume of lubricant in the spray field, are shown to provide better lubricity than straight oils and oil-in-air minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) sprays. As a result, scCO₂–MWFs can reduce tool wear and improve machining productivity in a wide range of manufacturing operations leading to appreciable improvements in the economics of manufacturing. Also given that CO₂ is a recovered waste gas that is non-toxic, scCO₂–MWFs can improve the environmental and worker health performance of manufacturing operations.     

Inactivation efficacy of plasma-activated water: influence of plasma treatment time,exposure time and bacterial species

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma treatment time, bacterial exposure time to PAW and bacterial species on the inactivation efficacy of plasma-activated water (PAW), with additional investigation of the inactivation mechanisms of PAW. Six bacterial species, including Listeria innocua, Staphyloccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens and Aeromonas hydrophila were selected as the representative bacteria. The initial bacterial concentration was around 7 log CFU ml⁻¹ after mixing with PAW, and the inactivation efficacy was measured after different exposure times during the 4 °C storage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bacteria after PAW treatment were carried out to inspect the cell structure damage, and physicochemical properties of PAW, including pH, conductivity and long-living reactive species of H₂O₂, , and , were examined. The results showed that the inactivation efficacy of PAW was positively correlated with plasma treatment time and bacterial exposure time, and for the species examined in this study, the Gram-negative species were more sensitive to PAW than the Gram-positive species. Cell structure damage, including shrinkage, distortion, or holes, was observed after PAW treatment. The pH of PAW was acidified to 2.5–2.9, and conductivity was significantly increased to 518.0 μs cm⁻¹. and H₂O₂ were reduced during the 48 h storage, while an increased concentration was observed for . This study demonstrated that the processing parameters of plasma treatment time, exposure time and characteristics of bacteria can significantly affect the inactivation efficacy of PAW.     

Curcumin based nanomedicines as efficient nanoplatform for treatment of cancer: New developments in reversing cancer drug resistance,rapid internalization,and improved anticancer efficacy

BackgroundCancer is a group of diseases involving an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion and in some cases metastasize to the surrounding tissues (malignancy). Resistance to chemotherapy is typically intrinsic (heterogeneity); however, acquired resistance has also become prevelant due to multiple factors including expression of energy-dependent transporters causing expulsion of internalized drug contents extracellular, insensitivity of tumor cells to drug-induced apoptosis, and induction of drug-detoxifying mechanisms. Curcumin (CUR) has gained widespread recognition due to remarkable anticancer, anti-mutagenic, and anti-metastasizing potentials via downregulation of proliferation of cancer cells and induction of apoptosis. Nevertheless, pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic feasibility of CUR is restricted due to intrinsic physicochemical characteristics including poor aqueous solubility, inadequate biological stability, low bioavailability, and short half-life.Scope and approachOwing to these pharmaceutical limitations of CUR, nanodelivery systems have attained remarkable fascination in the recent years. Therefore, this review was aimed to overview and critically ponders recent developments in improving anticancer viability of CUR.Key findings and conclusionCritical analysis of the literature revealed that nanodelivery systems showed promising efficiency in achieving tumor specific targetability, maximizing internalization of drugs into cancer cells, mitigating tumor metastasis, as well as improving anticancer efficacy of CUR. Moreover, nanocarrier-mediated improved pharmacokinetics, drug accumulation, induced promising cytotoxicity, and enhanced anticancer efficacy by suppressing Egr-1 induction, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) cascades while mitigating the progression of tumor, have also been discussed.     

Flame retardancy,antifungal efficacies,and physical–mechanical properties for wood/polymer composites containing zinc borate

This work aimed to examine flame retardancy, antifungal performance and physical–mechanical properties for silane‐treated wood–polymer composites (WPCs) containing zinc borate (ZnB). ZnB with content from 0.0 to 7.0 wt% was added to WPCs, and silane‐treated wood contents were varied. The polymers used were poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The decay test was performed according to the European standard EN 113. Loweporus sp., a white‐rot fungus, was used for antifungal performance evaluation. Antifungal performance was observed to decrease with wood content. Incorporation of ZnB at 1.0 wt% significantly increased the antifungal performance of WPCs. ZnB content of greater than 1.0 wt% lowered the antifungal properties of WPCs. The results suggested that the wood/PVC composite exhibited better antifungal performance than the wood/HDPE composite. The addition of wood flour to PVC and HDPE decreased flame retardancy, whereas the incorporation of ZnB retained the flame retardancy. ZnB was found to be more appropriate for wood/PVC than wood/HDPE as a result of hydrogen chloride generated from the dehydrochlorination reaction of PVC. The results indicated that the addition of ZnB did not affect the physical‐mechanical properties of neat polymers and the composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于SPR生物传感器的抗菌中药药效评价方法研究

目的：为抗菌中药药效进行实时检测,对药效评价给出定量分析。方法系采用真空热蒸镀法镀金属银膜制作出一种光纤SPR生物传感器,感测抗菌中药作用过程中抗原与抗体各个参数变化,为药效评价提供数据依据。该传感器的应用具有快速、客观、准确、高效的实时检测功能,为抗菌中药药效定量评价提供了依据。光纤SPR生物传感器的应用为抗菌中药药效评价给出了定量依据,有望最终用于指导临床准确应用抗菌中药。     

城市规划实施有效性评价:从关注结果转向关注过程的动态监控

系统、全面的城市规划实施有效性评价在我国还没有真正开展。目前,我国的城市规划实施有效性评价主要是通过评价城市总体规划的实施结果来完成,评价方法基本局限于一般的空间符合性、目标符合性评价。然而,由于城市规划的综合性、复杂性,规划主体的多元性以及规划本身作为一种公共政策的制度属性,加上我国快速城镇化的发展现实,这种结果符合性评价在现实中往往演变成仅仅作为修编城市总体规划的基础性依据,而对于揭示和提升城市规划实施成效方面的作用甚微。结合对城市规划实施有效性本质意义和目的的诠释,以及对西方长期以来整体、全面综合评价城市规划实施有效性方法所面临问题的分析,研究在对城市规划实施成效评价的实质性作用和意义进行反思的基础上,提出了我国城市总体规划实施成效的评价应当从仅仅关注结果的符合性评价转变为以符合性评价为基础,完善规划实施在基层的监督权、责、利的正式制度配置,重点关注过程的动态规划评价。     

建筑工程电气设计中的节能问题

介绍国内外建筑节能相关规范、标准的制定情况;从电动机、家用电器、配电变压器、照明灯具的选型等方面,探讨建筑工程电气设计中的节能理念、节能途径及方法;给出建筑电气专业节能专篇设计内容文字表述建议。     

HPLC法测定拳参中绿原酸和没食子酸含量

采用高效液相二极管阵列检测法同时测定拳参提取物中绿原酸和没食子酸含量。采用ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×0.25 mm,5μm),以体积分数0.2%磷酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长273和327 nm。两种物质加标回收率为95%~105%,峰面积与浓度线性关系良好(r0.999 5)。