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81.
银纪念币在大气环境中表面发生变色,失去原有的金属光泽。采用OM,SEM,EMPA,XPS,XRD等现代物理测试技术对变色的银纪念币进行分析。结果表明,银纪念币的变色部位呈均匀的浅褐色,并随机分布着深褐色的斑点。变色银纪念币表面沿着划痕密集分布着蚀孔。表面分析显示,除Ag外,还有S和O元素。XPS,XRD分析发现,变色银纪念币表面存在Ag2S,Ag2SO3和Ag2O。实验室加速变色试验毒明,在含S气体环境中,Ag被氧化生成A82S,导致银纪念币表面变色,从而验证银纪念币的变色是由电化学腐蚀引起的,S和O元素参与了腐蚀历程。 相似文献
82.
WANG Zhongmin Chi Ying Vanessa Li ZHOU Huaiying Sammy Lap Ip Chan SHI Liu 《稀有金属(英文版)》2006,25(5):543-548
AB5-based hydrogen storage thin fdms (LaNi4.25Al0.75), deposited on Cu substrate by dc magnetron sputtering were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the microstructure of the layer was in crystal form. SEM and AFM analyses proved that the film appeared to be rather rough with numerous randomly sized pores of approximately 15-40 in nm diameter. Structural stability of the film was examined by the combined analyses of DSC, XRD, and SEM, which indicated that this film maintained its structural stability below 500 K or so, and a network structure was observed on the film after being heated at 700 K for 30 min. Electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties of the films were investigated by simulated battery tests. It was found that single-layered LaNi4.25A10.75 film exhibited electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties similar to typical AB5 alloys in bulk, and the maximum discharge capacity of the film was about 220 mAh/g. After 20 charge/discharge cycles, small needle-shaped aluminium oxide was formed on some fractions of the film surface. 相似文献
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84.
Natural polysaccharides (NPS) are regarded as biomolecular and structural components for preparing high-performance tough hydrogels. But the one-step fabrication of NPS-containing hydrogels in seconds and the template-free design of complicated high-resolution structures are still significant challenges in this field. To meet these requirements, various NPS-containing tough hydrogels are fabricated and processed into 2D/3D structures via the combination of Ru(bpy)32+-mediated photochemistry and extrusion 3D printing technique. The whole fabrication process is one-step, completed in tens of seconds under visible light irradiation. It is found that the used NPS plays a key role in achieving the fabrication of high-performance structured tough hydrogels. The high reactivity of functional groups in the used NPS can shorten their gelation times. Long rigid chains of the used NPS, their hierarchical assemblies, and contrasting multinetworks benefit from the efficient dissipation of mechanical energy and enhancement of its operational stability. Strong supramolecular interactions enable hydrogel precursors to have high viscosities, therefore providing good controllability to design high-resolution and complicated tough hydrogel structures via extrusion 3D printing. It is anticipated that this straightforward fabrication strategy and findings will open new horizons for NPS-containing materials. 相似文献
85.
在对合金微观结构和储氢性能研究的基础上,详细考察了少量Zr取代Ti对Ti19.5V40Mn16.2Cr9.8Ni14.5合金电化学性能的影响。通过观察电极的充放电行为,并结合EIS及多种极化曲线的分析结果,发现少量Zr对Ti的取代能够显著提高合金电极的实际电化学容量和循环稳定性,而且还能在一定程度上改善合金的电极动力学性能。对于这些性能的改善,从合金微观结构方面进行了解释。 相似文献
86.
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88.
TiO_2直接电解还原过程的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法对TiO2直接电化学还原产物进行分析,指出TiO2电极的还原是从外向内由高价到低价再到金属逐步进行的。对还原过程中电流、还原气相产物的分析结果表明:还原过程电流效率低,并且电流效率随电解时间延续而降低,阳极产物CO、CO2与阴极中间产物Ca发生副反应以及副反应产物炭黑造成电流短路是电流效率低的主要原因。提高电流效率的途径有两条:一是增大阴、阳极间距,减小副反应的发生;二是使电解池表面熔盐不断导出,或采取某一隔离措施,使副反应产生的炭黑在阴、阳极之间不造成电流短路。 相似文献
89.
用XRD和SEM测试了稀土基低钻AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)4.7Co0.2(x=0,1)贮氢合金的微观结构,并全面测试了合金在铸态及快淬态下的电化学性能。研究了La替代Mm对铸态及快淬态低钻贮氢合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。对合金的电化学性能研究结果表明:La替代Mm使合金的放电容量提高,并使铸态合金的循环寿命由341次提高到370次;La替代Mm使得快淬态合金的循环寿命的增加幅度较小,主要原因是La替代Mm使快淬态合金的晶粒粗化。微观结构测试结果表明:La替代Mm使合金中的第二相消失,并使合金的晶格常数在a轴方向增加,在c轴方向略有减小,晶胞体积增大,这是La替代Mm使合金放电容量提高的主要原因。 相似文献
90.
Filler metal of a low-melting-point (917 °C) Ti-21Ni-14Cu was brazed onto the substrate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 960 °C for 2,4, and 8 h to investigate the microstructural evolution and electrochemical characteristics of the brazed metal as a function of the period of brazing time. Optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry were used to characterize the microstructure and phase of the brazed metal; also, the potentiostat was used for corrosion study. Experimental results indicate that diffusion of copper and nickel from the filler metal into the equiaxed a plus intergranular β structure of Ti-6Al-4V substrate causes the lamellar Widmanstätten structure to form. The intermetallic Ti2Ni phase existing in the prior filler metal diminishes, while the Ti2Cu phase can be identified for the metal brazed at 960 °C for 2 h, but the latter phase decreases with time. Advantage might be taken from the evidence of faster diffusion of nickel than copper along the β phase to the substrate. In deaerated Hank’s solution, corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and critical potential for active-to-passive transition decrease while the passivation range broadens with the period of brazing time. However, all the brazed metals, immersed for different periods in oxygen-saturated Hank’s solution, show similar corrosion behavior, irrespective of the brazing time. 相似文献