无机复合纳米材料电致变色薄膜研究进展

开发循环稳定性好,着/褪色响应快,变色效率高的薄膜是电致变色材料的研究重点。与有机材料相比,无机材料的稳定性更强,实用性更好。通过构筑高孔隙率、低电阻率、大比表面积和多活性位点的微纳结构活性薄膜,能有效提高电致变色性能。本文阐述了电致变色器件的变色原理,详细介绍了介孔结构、纳米阵列结构及核壳结构等特殊微纳结构无机电致变色薄膜的性能优势和发展现状,进而探讨了微纳结构薄膜存在的瓶颈问题和发展趋势,有利于精准拓展研究思路,对推动无机电致变材料的发展与应用具有指导作用。     

Electrochromic Properties of Sputtered Ti-Doped WO3 Films

Ti-doped WO3 films were prepared by the mid-frequency dual-target magnetron sputtering method. The structure and electrochromic properties of the Ti-doped WO3 films were analysed by X-Ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, spectrophotometer, cyclic chronoam- perometry and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The results indicate that the erystallinity decrease after the doping of titanium, the channels for ion injection and extraction increase, the responding speed with 5.1% titanium doped becomes faster, and its circle life increases more than four times compared with the undoped WO3 film. In the coloured state, the W-O-W bonds decrease, but the W = O bonds increase. Since the W-O-W bonds break down for Li＋ ions＇ injection and more W = O bonds form, it is more convenient to inject Li＋ ions into the Ti-doped film than undoped film because more W-O-W bonds break down in the coloured state.     

变色材料的研究进展

介绍光致变色材料、热致变色材料和电致变色材料的变色原理、研究现状、制约发展的条件及其它们在军事伪装、汽车、建筑、纺织服装和日用品等领域的应用。重点探讨电致变色材料(导电高分子、无机与有机制成的复合薄膜、其他类高分子电致变色材料等)。在此基础上,对变色材料的发展趋势进行展望,并指出电致变色材料是未来发展的趋势。     

Organized Nanostructured Complexes of Polyoxometalates and Surfactants that Exhibit Photoluminescence and Electrochromism

A variety of functional nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials from the europium‐exchanged derivative of a Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM), [EuP₅W₃₀O₁₁₀]^12?, and functional organic surfactants were prepared by the ionic self‐assembly (ISA) route. The effect of organic surfactants on the structure, photoluminescent, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the POM anions was investigated in detail. All obtained hybrid materials are amphotropic, i.e., exhibit both thermotropic and lyotropic liquid‐crystalline phase behaviour. Investigations of their photophysical properties have shown that the interactions of the various surfactants with the polyanions influence the coordination environments and site symmetry of Eu³⁺ in different ways. The functional groups in the organic surfactants significantly influence the electrochromic properties and photoluminescence of POMs. Different from normal and pyridine‐containing complexes, no photoluminescence and no electrochromism were observed from the ferrocene‐containing complexes. This may be explained in view of charge transfer between the POM anion and the ferrocenyl group.     

具有可转换光学特性的稀土薄膜

具有可转换光学特性的稀土薄膜是一类新型的光学薄膜，采用气态吸放氢或电化学充电方法，可以使稀土薄膜的光学特性发生可逆变换，由于其潜在的应用前景，这类薄膜正越来越受到人们的重视，本文介绍了稀土光学薄膜的可转化光学性能，影响光学特性的因素以及光学特必化的机理，并对外延稀土膜和稀土合金膜的有关性能进行了介绍。     

Solid‐State Conversion Reaction to Enhance Charge Transfer in Electrochromic Materials

Interface engineering has attracted great interest and is essential for the fabrication of thin‐film devices, such as smart windows. In this study, a solid‐state conversion reaction for the development of an interlayer enriched with lithium peroxide (Li₂O₂) is presented for an electrochromic device. We demonstrate that efficient lithium insertion and electron transport can be achieved by the inclusion of a Li₂O₂‐rich interlayer between an active electrochromic material and Li ion solid‐state electrolyte layer. The presence of a Li₂O₂‐rich interlayer enhances electrochromic efficiency, kinetics, optical contrast, and bleached‐state transparency in a nickel oxide‐based electrochromic thin film. This work opens up new opportunities to enhance the functionalities of thin‐film devices by solid‐state conversion reactions.     

电致变色灵巧窗的设计与研制

从电致变色器件的工作原理出发，对电致变色灵巧窗的基本结构和各层材料的作用进行分析和讨论，对组成灵巧窗的各层薄膜材料进行研究和制备，并研制了性能优良的ＩＴＯ／ＷＯ３／ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ／ＮｉＯ／ＩＴＯ以及ＩＴＯ／ＮｉＯ／ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ／ＩＴＯ结构的半固态灵巧窗和ＩＴＯ／ＷＯ３／ＬｉＮｂＯ３／ＮｉＯ／ＩＴＯ结构的全固态灵巧窗。     

磁控溅射电致变色非晶态氧化钨薄膜

利用平面磁控反应溅射在具有透明导电膜的玻璃基片上沉积氧化钨膜层。Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明，基片在室温状态下得到的膜呈非晶态。以０．２Ｎ浓度的ＨＣｌ为电解液，用电化学方法研究了Ｈ＋注入及抽出后氧化钨膜光学性能的变化及这种变化与膜的制备参数之间的关系。获得了沉积氧化钨膜近于最佳的工艺条件。在纯氧气氛下，溅射功率密度１．２Ｗ／ｃｍ２，溅射气体压强１．３Ｐａ时，制备的非晶态氧化钨膜，在５０次电化学循环后，漂白态与着色态的可见光透射率之差约为０．５７，其电化学循环的变色寿命也长。光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析表明，Ｈ＋注入后着色态膜内出现了Ｗ５＋、Ｗ４＋。对电致变色机理也作了讨论。     

反应溅射制备MoO3薄膜及其光学和电致变色性能研究

本文采用磁控溅射方法,通过金属钼靶材在Ar+O2气氛中反应溅射制备了氧化钼薄膜.在制备样品过程中改变反应气氛O2的流量,保持其它参数不变,得到不同的氧化钼薄膜.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)方法对MoO3薄膜样品结构进行表征.XRD测试结果表明MoO3薄膜样品均为非晶结构.MoO3薄膜样品的光学性能和电致变色性能采用分光光度计进行测试研究.研究结果表明,当反应气氛O2/Ar流量比例为1:5时,所制备的样品具有较高的可见光透射率,可见光平均透射率为90%,并且电致变色性能较好,调色范围达到了66.94%.