The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling: Verification

The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling represents a flaw in metal as a set of electric dipoles located within volume elements or cells defining the flaw volume. Given this dipole distribution, impedance changes may be computed. The electric field of the dipole distribution is determined by an integral equation relating, by means of the electric field Green's tensor, the electric field due to the source to the total electric field in the flaw. The integral equation is solved by assuming that the total electric field is constant in each volume element, resulting in a matrix equation. The method has been programmed for use on a microcomputer. The method and computer program are verified using the analytical solution for a small spherical flaw and three sets of measured impedance data, measured by air-core coils along profiles overlying both surface-breaking and buried simulated flaws of known dimensions. Operating frequencies ranged between 900 and 4000 Hz. Generally agreement is good at lower frequencies ( 1000 Hz). At higher frequencies ( 4000 Hz), the agreement is not as good. This is thought to be due to the inability of the constant electric field approximation to model the steep electric field gradients present in the host metal at high frequency. The results are also sensitive to the method of computation of the electric field due to the source. Some improvements can and should be made to the method.     

Continuous electromagnetic separation of inclusion from aluminum melt using alternating current

A novel scheme about the continuous electromagnetic purification of aluminum melt was put forward based on the utilization of a square separation pipe and a 50 Hz alternating current to produce electromagnetic force. It is experimentally found that with electrical current of 400 A/cm^2, it takes only 10 s to remove 95% inclusion from aluminum melt. Comprehensive numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the dynamics mechanisms behind the process. The results show that the removal of inclusion is attributed to the cooperative effects of electromagnetic buoyancy and the secondary flow induced by the rotational electromagnetic force, and the removal efficient increases with the size of inclusion and the electrical current imposed. Theoretical predictions on the distribution and removal efficiency of inclusion were supported by the experiments.     

屏蔽线缆的接地仿真研究

在外界电磁波的干扰下,线缆会在车辆内部产生很强的耦合电流和电压,严重影响车辆正常工作,一般需要采用屏蔽线缆来减少干扰. 屏蔽线缆抑制电磁干扰的能力,不仅和线缆本身的屏蔽层有关,还须选择正确的接地方式. 着重对线缆的多种接地方式进行仿真研究,分析不同接地位置和数目对线缆抗干扰性能的影响,为实际车辆线缆防护提供参考.     

双定子无刷双馈发电机绕组分布对性能影响分析

针对传统无刷双馈发电机存在功率密度低的问题,提出改善功率密度的一种新型笼障转子耦合双定子无刷双馈发电机。由于该发电机输出功率与内外单元电机电磁特性一致性相关,而内外定子绕组电动势相位和幅值需满足电磁特性一致性的要求,因此需研究绕组分布对该种电机性能的影响。为此,根据电机的结构,分析该发电机不同绕组层数和不同绕组位置对电机气隙磁密、绕组电动势、效率和电压调整率的影响;在此基础上,提出确保内外定子绕组电动势相位一致的方法,并进行该方法的验证和分析;最后,制造了一台样机,并进行电机性能实验验证。通过有限元计算和实验结果的比较分析,验证了分析方法的正确性和有效性,同时也验证了内外单元电机电磁特性一致。     

精确定位的高带宽新型音圈电机驱动器研究

为了在极高磁道密度（TPI）的硬盘中快速寻道定位、读取数据,研发了一种新型高带宽驱动器组件.该新型高带宽驱动器的音圈电机（VCM）具有独特的音圈结构和磁极（体）排列.在电磁设计中,应用三维有限元分析法（FEA）对一些关键电磁参数及主要结构尺寸进行了优化;预测了系统的动态性能.分析表明,新型音圈电机驱动器产生的电磁力形成了纯力矩,降低了轴承和轴上的反作用力,与传统驱动器相比,更好地抑制了影响伺服带宽的横向准刚性体震动模式（QR模式）,使驱动系统能在高TPI下快速跟踪和精确定位.实验测试了系统的频率响应特性,与理论设计符合得较好.     

电场耦合取能技术的仿真与试验研究

为给输电线路的监测器件提供稳定、便利的电源,基于电磁感应的原理设计了无线电容取电装置,可以最大化利用空间能量,对支撑输电线路的运行状态监测具有重要意义。首先,分析了电容取电的结构,以此得到取能装置输出功率与高压杂散电容、低压杂散电容、负载电阻等参数的计算关系,发现合理增加感应电极面积、减小感应电极电容值和增加负载电阻值可以有效提升取能装置输出功率;其次,利用多物理场仿真软件模拟了电容取电的影响因素,最后,通过Matlab软件设计了高压实验装置,对实际情况进行模拟与实验。实验结果表明,当电源电压为10 k V、耦合电容为14 p F时,1 MΩ的负载可以得到0.12 m W功率。     

柔性基电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展

本文介绍了电磁屏蔽材料的屏蔽原理、电磁屏蔽损耗材料的类型及性能,总结了柔性基电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法及其研究进展。     

基于H4结构逆变器在不同调制方式下的性能比较

针对传统双极性调制和单极性调制方式在效率、总谐波失真THD(total harmonic distortion)以及电磁干扰等方面的问题,提出上慢下快调制方式和半周期工频半周期高频调制方式2种新控制策略。上慢下快调制方式在较高电压和电流上升率的工况下,对于驱动电路以及主电路中的杂散电感、电容的电磁干扰影响,能够有效抑制。半周期工频半周期高频调制方式在调制波(正弦波)过零点处无SPWM突变,有效改善输出电压过零点振荡的问题。在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台验证了4种调制方式的可行性。最后通过实验研究,结合效率、THD这2个参数进行对比分析,比较4种调制方式的性能,通过实验数据得出所提控制策略较传统调制方式在效率、总谐波含量以及电磁干扰等方面均有改善,证明了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

Highly Uniform and Stable Transparent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Film Based on Silver Nanowire–PEDOT:PSS Composite for High Power Microwave Shielding

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, especially ones with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE), high optical transmittance, long-term stability as well as high uniformity, are urgently desired to meet the requirements of many applications. Herein, an extremely transparent, stable and uniform silver nanowire (Ag NW)–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film as an EMI shielding material is prepared, which possess excellent shielding capability to both small signal and high power microwaves (HPM). The composite film exhibits SE of 30.5 dB in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz (small signal) and simultaneously has an optical transmittance of 91.0%. The SE continuously increases to 41.4 dB, while the optical transmittance still maintains at 81.1%. The composite film is very uniform, and its SE is almost unchanged even when exposed in air for a year. The SE of this composite film under the excitation of HPM is also thoroughly investigated. The HPM SE is much larger than that of small signal. As the power density of HPM is increased, the SE firstly remains unchanged, then continuously increases, and finally saturates. The SE exceeds 50 dB with the excitation power density of 40 W. More interestingly, the SE is saturated at a fixed HPM power density.     

Synergistic Effect of PVDF-Coated PCL-TCP Scaffolds and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Osteogenesis

Bone exhibits piezoelectric properties. Thus, electrical stimulations such as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and stimuli-responsive piezoelectric properties of scaffolds have been investigated separately to evaluate their efficacy in supporting osteogenesis. However, current understanding of cells responding under the combined influence of PEMF and piezoelectric properties in scaffolds is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by functionalization of polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) films with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating that is self-polarized by a modified breath-figure technique. The osteoinductive properties of these PVDF-coated PCL-TCP films on MC3T3-E1 cells were studied under the stimulation of PEMF. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric characterization demonstrated that scaffolds with piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = −1.2 pC/N were obtained at a powder dissolution temperature of 100 °C and coating relative humidity (RH) of 56%. DNA quantification showed that cell proliferation was significantly enhanced by PEMF as low as 0.6 mT and 50 Hz. Hydroxyapatite staining showed that cell mineralization was significantly enhanced by incorporation of PVDF coating. Gene expression study showed that the combination of PEMF and PVDF coating promoted late osteogenic gene expression marker most significantly. Collectively, our results suggest that the synergistic effects of PEMF and piezoelectric scaffolds on osteogenesis provide a promising alternative strategy for electrically augmented osteoinduction. The piezoelectric response of PVDF by PEMF, which could provide mechanical strain, is particularly interesting as it could deliver local mechanical stimulation to osteogenic cells using PEMF.