复杂电磁环境下电磁频谱资源管理

电磁频谱是一个充满神奇的无形世界,是无线电通信的基础。随着电子技术在各个领域的广泛应用,电子装备的种类不断增多,频谱利用越来越拥挤,电磁频谱的管理显得更为重要。能否掌握电磁频谱的控制权,科学有序地使用频率,使各种武器装备合理使用,形成一个统一的整体,将直接影响信息的传递质量。因此,只有加强无线电频谱管理,才能最大限度地避免电磁环境的恶化和电磁干扰的产生,提高信息传递的质量和效率。     

一种基于光散射原理在线测量晶圆表面质量的方法

在半导体工业中,晶圆表面质量的检测占据着重要的地位。选择粗糙度参数轮廓算术平均偏差R。作为衡量表面质量的参数,根据晶圆的一般粗糙度范围（Rα为0.01—0.8μm）,构建了一种基于光散射原理的视觉系统测量装置。通过分析光散射强度分布图像,提取出一些参数来表征Rα,达到检测晶圆表面质量的目的。给出了初步的实验结果,说明了此方案是可行的。     

双基地海底散射SSA模型角度特性仿真研究

由海底散射引起的混响是影响双基地声纳性能的重要因素之一,为了通过合理配置双基地声纳各角度来减小海底散射对双基地声纳的影响,基于小斜度近似(SSA)理论,建立了双基地海底散射强度模型.给出了散射强度与双基地声纳各角度之间的关系式.仿真结果表明.海底散射强度与双基地声纳各角度配置关系复杂,随着各角度配置的不同,散射强度会有很大的变化,但在镜反射方向上取得最大值.小斜度近似在整个入射角范围内较为准确,是一种处理粗糙面声散射问题的好方法.     

用无网格方法求解声波散射问题

在均匀介质中,对软表面障碍、时间调和声波散射问题归结为Helmholtz方程的Dirichlet外问题.应用无网格方法求解Helmholtz方程的Dirichlet外问题,并给出了一个数值例子,与Nystrom方法进行了对比,表明该方法是较精确的.     

煤矿安全监控设备的电磁兼容性分析与设计

文章分析了煤矿安全监控设备的电磁兼容性(EMC),针对不同类型的电磁干扰,提出了适合煤矿井下安全监控设备的电磁兼容的设计方法。该方法提高了矿用设备的抗电磁干扰能力,为矿井安全生产提供了保障。     

铝电磁连续铸轧改进型复合磁场控制系统

针对现有铝电磁连续铸轧复合磁场控制系统存在的变频范围窄、控制不稳定等问题,通过分析电磁铸轧机理,采用SPWM交-直-交变频的设计方案。同时,由于现有控制系统是一开环系统,电磁铸轧铝板特性参数难以在线检测,提出建立基于标准支持向量机的晶粒度软测量模型的思想,并给出了基于软测量模型的形式化描述、设计原则及设计步骤。实验结果表明,改进后的系统能产生符合工艺要求的复合磁场,电磁场频率的作用范围为10～25Hz,换相周期数为1～5,谐波分量较小;同时生产出的铝板组织均匀,晶粒度达到1级水平。     

低功耗数字控制超长波发射与接收系统

针对管道、矿山和水下等特殊环境中的信息通讯与信号传输等问题,根据超长波(ELF Electromagnetic Wave)具有传播损耗小且相位稳定等特点,给出了超长波发射与接收系统的设计原理与实现过程.发射系统采用单片机控制,输出的信号经发射天线产生23 Hz超长波,接收系统对采集到的信号进行带通滤波及放大处理.工程实验表明,所设计的系统在锂电池供电状态下,具有发射功耗低(连续工作时间大于72 h)、发射功率大(传播距离大于10 m)、且对接收的信号处理快速可靠(动态时滞小于5 s)等优点.     

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and its application to molecular and cellular analysis

In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based optical detection techniques with an application focus on cancer diagnostics. As we describe herein, SERS has several analytical, biological and engineering advantages over other methods including extremely high sensitivity, inherent molecular specificity of unlabeled targets, and narrow spectral bands. We review advances in both in vitro and in vivo applications of SERS and examine how technical issues with the technology are being addressed. A special technology focus is given to emerging optofluidic devices which aim to merge microfluidic and optical detection technologies into simple packages. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the emerging challenges in the field and some of the approaches that are likely to enhance their application. Y. S. Huh and A. J. Chung contributed equally.     

New features of the Mott-Hubbard insulator gap of parent HTS compounds found by resonance Raman scattering and UV-excited ordinary Raman scattering

Optical absorption at the insulating gap in the parent phase of cuprate superconductors shows a broad exciton-like peak near 1.7 eV, followed by a gradual decrease in absorption persisting 1 eV above the gap. By using ultraviolet laser lines to excite Raman spectra, we have found a Raman peak 0.2 eV below the first absorption peak in insulating cuprates. The Raman peak is much narrower than the absorption peak and hasA _2g symmetry. We assign it to an exciton consisting of a hole transition from Cu to a linear combination of Cud _xy and nearest neighbor Op orbitals. We have also studied the resonance Raman profile for two-magnon Raman scattering in the same samples. We find a sharp resonance feature at about 2.7 eV, and little Raman intensity for photon energies at the 1.7 eV absorption peak. The state created at the peak must therefore be an inappropriate intermediate state for the double spin-flip Raman process.     

Recent development and applications of an optical method for measurements of thermophysical properties

The experimental determination of thermophysical properties has been greatly improved by the introduction of laser technology. The laser beam is used for sensing and also for heating (or exciting) the specimen. The advantage of using a laser beam is most strongly felt in the measurement of the thermal conductivity or the thermal diffusivity, which are some of the most difficult properties to measure. Interesting features of new techniques for investigating various aspects of thermal conductivity in fluids and solids are reviewed. An optical method, the so-called forced Rayleigh scattering method, or the laser-induced optical-grating method, has been developed and used extensively by the present author's group. The method is a high-speed remote-sensing method which can also quantitatively detect anisotropy, namely, direction dependence of heat conduction in the material. It was used for determination of the thermal diffusivity and its anisotropic behavior for high-temperature materials such as molten salts, liquid crystals, extended polymer samples, and flowing polymer melts under shear. Interesting applications of the method were demonstrated also for thermal diffusivity mapping and microscale measurement.Invited paper presented at the Twelfth symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.